I am missing something during the operation because the images are not the same (though it is visually not possible to see a difference).
MWE:
import base64
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
image = Image.open('image.jpg')
buffered = BytesIO()
image.save(buffered, format="JPEG")
image_content = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(buffered.getvalue())
image_decoded = Image.open(BytesIO(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(image_content.decode())))
print(image == image_decoded)
# return False
print(np.array(image).sum() == np.array(image_decoded).sum())
# return False