You can use unification here instead of is/2
(which is typically used to evaluate expressions).
For example we can define a move from the first tower to the second tower, given the second tower is empty:
changeState((s([A|T1],[], T3)), s(T1, [A], T3)).
or we can move an element to the second tower that is non-empty, given the top of the stack is an element that is larger:
changeState(s([A|T1], [B|T2], T3), s(T1, [A,B|T2], T3)) :-
A < B.
The above will result in a total of 12 rules: 3 sources, times 2 destinations times 2 possibilities (empty destination, versus non-empty destination). This is not very elegant. We can construct a helper predicate that checks if the destination stack is valid, with:
valid_stack([], _).
valid_stack([H|_], X) :-
X < H.
so then we can compress the two rules above into:
changeState((s([A|T1], T2, T3)), s(T1, [A|T2], T3)) :-
valid_stack(T2, A).
This will thus result in six rules: three sources, and two destinations.
We thus no longer need to validate the moves, since if the changeState
succeeds, then the proposed move is possible given the original state was valid.
This is not the full solution however (I leave the rest as an exercise). You will need a mechanism that enumerates over the possible moves, and makes sure that you do not end up in loops (like moving a disc constantly between two towers).
After using the traverse/3
predicate, we obtain a list of moves to the goal:
?- traverse(s([1,2,3,4,5,6], [], []), S, [s([1,2,3,4,5,6], [], [])]).
S = [s([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [], []), s([2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1], []), s([3, 4, 5, 6], [1], [2]), s([1, 3, 4, 5|...], [], [2]), s([3, 4, 5|...], [], [1, 2]), s([4, 5|...], [3], [1, 2]), s([1|...], [3], [2]), s([...|...], [...|...], [...]), s(..., ..., ...)|...] [write]
S = [s([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [], []), s([2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [1], []), s([3, 4, 5, 6], [1], [2]), s([1, 3, 4, 5, 6], [], [2]), s([3, 4, 5, 6], [], [1, 2]), s([4, 5, 6], [3], [1, 2]), s([1, 4, 5, 6], [3], [2]), s([4, 5, 6], [1, 3], [2]), s([2, 4, 5, 6], [1, 3], []), s([1, 2, 4, 5, 6], [3], []), s([2, 4, 5, 6], [3], [1]), s([4, 5, 6], [2, 3], [1]), s([1, 4, 5, 6], [2, 3], []), s([4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3], []), s([5, 6], [1, 2, 3], [4]), s([1, 5, 6], [2, 3], [4]), s([5, 6], [2, 3], [1, 4]), s([2, 5, 6], [3], [1, 4]), s([1, 2, 5, 6], [3], [4]), s([2, 5, 6], [1, 3], [4]), s([5, 6], [1, 3], [2, 4]), s([1, 5, 6], [3], [2, 4]), s([5, 6], [3], [1, 2, 4]), s([3, 5, 6], [], [1, 2, 4]), s([1, 3, 5, 6], [], [2, 4]), s([3, 5, 6], [1], [2, 4]), s([2, 3, 5, 6], [1], [4]), s([1, 2, 3, 5, 6], [], [4]), s([2, 3, 5, 6], [], [1, 4]), s([3, 5, 6], [2], [1, 4]), s([1, 3, 5, 6], [2], [4]), s([3, 5, 6], [1, 2], [4]), s([5, 6], [1, 2], [3, 4]), s([1, 5, 6], [2], [3, 4]), s([5, 6], [2], [1, 3, 4]), s([2, 5, 6], [], [1, 3, 4]), s([1, 2, 5, 6], [], [3, 4]), s([2, 5, 6], [1], [3, 4]), s([5, 6], [1], [2, 3, 4]), s([1, 5, 6], [], [2, 3, 4]), s([5, 6], [], [1, 2, 3, 4]), s([6], [5], [1, 2, 3, 4]), s([1, 6], [5], [2, 3, 4]), s([6], [1, 5], [2, 3, 4]), s([2, 6], [1, 5], [3, 4]), s([1, 2, 6], [5], [3, 4]), s([2, 6], [5], [1, 3, 4]), s([6], [2, 5], [1, 3, 4]), s([1, 6], [2, 5], [3, 4]), s([6], [1, 2, 5], [3, 4]), s([3, 6], [1, 2, 5], [4]), s([1, 3, 6], [2, 5], [4]), s([3, 6], [2, 5], [1, 4]), s([2, 3, 6], [5], [1, 4]), s([1, 2, 3, 6], [5], [4]), s([2, 3, 6], [1, 5], [4]), s([3, 6], [1, 5], [2, 4]), s([1, 3, 6], [5], [2, 4]), s([3, 6], [5], [1, 2, 4]), s([6], [3, 5], [1, 2, 4]), s([1, 6], [3, 5], [2, 4]), s([6], [1, 3, 5], [2, 4]), s([2, 6], [1, 3, 5], [4]), s([1, 2, 6], [3, 5], [4]), s([2, 6], [3, 5], [1, 4]), s([6], [2, 3, 5], [1, 4]), s([1, 6], [2, 3, 5], [4]), s([6], [1, 2, 3, 5], [4]), s([4, 6], [1, 2, 3, 5], []), s([1, 4, 6], [2, 3, 5], []), s([4, 6], [2, 3, 5], [1]), s([2, 4, 6], [3, 5], [1]), s([1, 2, 4, 6], [3, 5], []), s([2, 4, 6], [1, 3, 5], []), s([4, 6], [1, 3, 5], [2]), s([1, 4, 6], [3, 5], [2]), s([4, 6], [3, 5], [1, 2]), s([3, 4, 6], [5], [1, 2]), s([1, 3, 4, 6], [5], [2]), s([3, 4, 6], [1, 5], [2]), s([2, 3, 4, 6], [1, 5], []), s([1, 2, 3, 4, 6], [5], []), s([2, 3, 4, 6], [5], [1]), s([3, 4, 6], [2, 5], [1]), s([1, 3, 4, 6], [2, 5], []), s([3, 4, 6], [1, 2, 5], []), s([4, 6], [1, 2, 5], [3]), s([1, 4, 6], [2, 5], [3]), s([4, 6], [2, 5], [1, 3]), s([2, 4, 6], [5], [1, 3]), s([1, 2, 4, 6], [5], [3]), s([2, 4, 6], [1, 5], [3]), s([4, 6], [1, 5], [2, 3]), s([1, 4, 6], [5], [2, 3]), s([4, 6], [5], [1, 2, 3]), s([6], [4, 5], [1, 2, 3]), s([1, 6], [4, 5], [2, 3]), s([6], [1, 4, 5], [2, 3]), s([2, 6], [1, 4, 5], [3]), s([1, 2, 6], [4, 5], [3]), s([2, 6], [4, 5], [1, 3]), s([6], [2, 4, 5], [1, 3]), s([1, 6], [2, 4, 5], [3]), s([6], [1, 2, 4, 5], [3]), s([3, 6], [1, 2, 4, 5], []), s([1, 3, 6], [2, 4, 5], []), s([3, 6], [2, 4, 5], [1]), s([2, 3, 6], [4, 5], [1]), s([1, 2, 3, 6], [4, 5], []), s([2, 3, 6], [1, 4, 5], []), s([3, 6], [1, 4, 5], [2]), s([1, 3, 6], [4, 5], [2]), s([3, 6], [4, 5], [1, 2]), s([6], [3, 4, 5], [1, 2]), s([1, 6], [3, 4, 5], [2]), s([6], [1, 3, 4, 5], [2]), s([2, 6], [1, 3, 4, 5], []), s([1, 2, 6], [3, 4, 5], []), s([2, 6], [3, 4, 5], [1]), s([6], [2, 3, 4, 5], [1]), s([1, 6], [2, 3, 4, 5], []), s([6], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], []), s([], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [6]), s([1], [2, 3, 4, 5], [6]), s([], [2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 6]), s([2], [3, 4, 5], [1, 6]), s([1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [6]), s([2], [1, 3, 4, 5], [6]), s([], [1, 3, 4, 5], [2, 6]), s([1], [3, 4, 5], [2, 6]), s([], [3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 6]), s([3], [4, 5], [1, 2, 6]), s([1, 3], [4, 5], [2, 6]), s([3], [1, 4, 5], [2, 6]), s([2, 3], [1, 4, 5], [6]), s([1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6]), s([2, 3], [4, 5], [1, 6]), s([3], [2, 4, 5], [1, 6]), s([1, 3], [2, 4, 5], [6]), s([3], [1, 2, 4, 5], [6]), s([], [1, 2, 4, 5], [3, 6]), s([1], [2, 4, 5], [3, 6]), s([], [2, 4, 5], [1, 3, 6]), s([2], [4, 5], [1, 3, 6]), s([1, 2], [4, 5], [3, 6]), s([2], [1, 4, 5], [3, 6]), s([], [1, 4, 5], [2, 3, 6]), s([1], [4, 5], [2, 3, 6]), s([], [4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 6]), s([4], [5], [1, 2, 3, 6]), s([1, 4], [5], [2, 3, 6]), s([4], [1, 5], [2, 3, 6]), s([2, 4], [1, 5], [3, 6]), s([1, 2, 4], [5], [3, 6]), s([2, 4], [5], [1, 3, 6]), s([4], [2, 5], [1, 3, 6]), s([1, 4], [2, 5], [3, 6]), s([4], [1, 2, 5], [3, 6]), s([3, 4], [1, 2, 5], [6]), s([1, 3, 4], [2, 5], [6]), s([3, 4], [2, 5], [1, 6]), s([2, 3, 4], [5], [1, 6]), s([1, 2, 3, 4], [5], [6]), s([2, 3, 4], [1, 5], [6]), s([3, 4], [1, 5], [2, 6]), s([1, 3, 4], [5], [2, 6]), s([3, 4], [5], [1, 2, 6]), s([4], [3, 5], [1, 2, 6]), s([1, 4], [3, 5], [2, 6]), s([4], [1, 3, 5], [2, 6]), s([2, 4], [1, 3, 5], [6]), s([1, 2, 4], [3, 5], [6]), s([2, 4], [3, 5], [1, 6]), s([4], [2, 3, 5], [1, 6]), s([1, 4], [2, 3, 5], [6]), s([4], [1, 2, 3, 5], [6]), s([], [1, 2, 3, 5], [4, 6]), s([1], [2, 3, 5], [4, 6]), s([], [2, 3, 5], [1, 4, 6]), s([2], [3, 5], [1, 4, 6]), s([1, 2], [3, 5], [4, 6]), s([2], [1, 3, 5], [4, 6]), s([], [1, 3, 5], [2, 4, 6]), s([1], [3, 5], [2, 4, 6]), s([], [3, 5], [1, 2, 4, 6]), s([3], [5], [1, 2, 4, 6]), s([1, 3], [5], [2, 4, 6]), s([3], [1, 5], [2, 4, 6]), s([2, 3], [1, 5], [4, 6]), s([1, 2, 3], [5], [4, 6]), s([2, 3], [5], [1, 4, 6]), s([3], [2, 5], [1, 4, 6]), s([1, 3], [2, 5], [4, 6]), s([3], [1, 2, 5], [4, 6]), s([], [1, 2, 5], [3, 4, 6]), s([1], [2, 5], [3, 4, 6]), s([], [2, 5], [1, 3, 4, 6]), s([2], [5], [1, 3, 4, 6]), s([1, 2], [5], [3, 4, 6]), s([2], [1, 5], [3, 4, 6]), s([], [1, 5], [2, 3, 4, 6]), s([1], [5], [2, 3, 4, 6]), s([], [5], [1, 2, 3, 4, 6]), s([5], [], [1, 2, 3, 4, 6]), s([1, 5], [], [2, 3, 4, 6]), s([5], [1], [2, 3, 4, 6]), s([2, 5], [1], [3, 4, 6]), s([1, 2, 5], [], [3, 4, 6]), s([2, 5], [], [1, 3, 4, 6]), s([5], [2], [1, 3, 4, 6]), s([1, 5], [2], [3, 4, 6]), s([5], [1, 2], [3, 4, 6]), s([3, 5], [1, 2], [4, 6]), s([1, 3, 5], [2], [4, 6]), s([3, 5], [2], [1, 4, 6]), s([2, 3, 5], [], [1, 4, 6]), s([1, 2, 3, 5], [], [4, 6]), s([2, 3, 5], [1], [4, 6]), s([3, 5], [1], [2, 4, 6]), s([1, 3, 5], [], [2, 4, 6]), s([3, 5], [], [1, 2, 4, 6]), s([5], [3], [1, 2, 4, 6]), s([1, 5], [3], [2, 4, 6]), s([5], [1, 3], [2, 4, 6]), s([2, 5], [1, 3], [4, 6]), s([1, 2, 5], [3], [4, 6]), s([2, 5], [3], [1, 4, 6]), s([5], [2, 3], [1, 4, 6]), s([1, 5], [2, 3], [4, 6]), s([5], [1, 2, 3], [4, 6]), s([4, 5], [1, 2, 3], [6]), s([1, 4, 5], [2, 3], [6]), s([4, 5], [2, 3], [1, 6]), s([2, 4, 5], [3], [1, 6]), s([1, 2, 4, 5], [3], [6]), s([2, 4, 5], [1, 3], [6]), s([4, 5], [1, 3], [2, 6]), s([1, 4, 5], [3], [2, 6]), s([4, 5], [3], [1, 2, 6]), s([3, 4, 5], [], [1, 2, 6]), s([1, 3, 4, 5], [], [2, 6]), s([3, 4, 5], [1], [2, 6]), s([2, 3, 4, 5], [1], [6]), s([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [], [6]), s([2, 3, 4, 5], [], [1, 6]), s([3, 4, 5], [2], [1, 6]), s([1, 3, 4, 5], [2], [6]), s([3, 4, 5], [1, 2], [6]), s([4, 5], [1, 2], [3, 6]), s([1, 4, 5], [2], [3, 6]), s([4, 5], [2], [1, 3, 6]), s([2, 4, 5], [], [1, 3, 6]), s([1, 2, 4, 5], [], [3, 6]), s([2, 4, 5], [1], [3, 6]), s([4, 5], [1], [2, 3, 6]), s([1, 4, 5], [], [2, 3, 6]), s([4, 5], [], [1, 2, 3, 6]), s([5], [4], [1, 2, 3, 6]), s([1, 5], [4], [2, 3, 6]), s([5], [1, 4], [2, 3, 6]), s([2, 5], [1, 4], [3, 6]), s([1, 2, 5], [4], [3, 6]), s([2, 5], [4], [1, 3, 6]), s([5], [2, 4], [1, 3, 6]), s([1, 5], [2, 4], [3, 6]), s([5], [1, 2, 4], [3, 6]), s([3, 5], [1, 2, 4], [6]), s([1, 3, 5], [2, 4], [6]), s([3, 5], [2, 4], [1, 6]), s([2, 3, 5], [4], [1, 6]), s([1, 2, 3, 5], [4], [6]), s([2, 3, 5], [1, 4], [6]), s([3, 5], [1, 4], [2, 6]), s([1, 3, 5], [4], [2, 6]), s([3, 5], [4], [1, 2, 6]), s([5], [3, 4], [1, 2, 6]), s([1, 5], [3, 4], [2, 6]), s([5], [1, 3, 4], [2, 6]), s([2, 5], [1, 3, 4], [6]), s([1, 2, 5], [3, 4], [6]), s([2, 5], [3, 4], [1, 6]), s([5], [2, 3, 4], [1, 6]), s([1, 5], [2, 3, 4], [6]), s([5], [1, 2, 3, 4], [6]), s([], [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6]), s([1], [2, 3, 4], [5, 6]), s([], [2, 3, 4], [1, 5, 6]), s([2], [3, 4], [1, 5, 6]), s([1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]), s([2], [1, 3, 4], [5, 6]), s([], [1, 3, 4], [2, 5, 6]), s([1], [3, 4], [2, 5, 6]), s([], [3, 4], [1, 2, 5, 6]), s([3], [4], [1, 2, 5, 6]), s([1, 3], [4], [2, 5, 6]), s([3], [1, 4], [2, 5, 6]), s([2, 3], [1, 4], [5, 6]), s([1, 2, 3], [4], [5, 6]), s([2, 3], [4], [1, 5, 6]), s([3], [2, 4], [1, 5, 6]), s([1, 3], [2, 4], [5, 6]), s([3], [1, 2, 4], [5, 6]), s([], [1, 2, 4], [3, 5, 6]), s([1], [2, 4], [3, 5, 6]), s([], [2, 4], [1, 3, 5, 6]), s([2], [4], [1, 3, 5, 6]), s([1, 2], [4], [3, 5, 6]), s([2], [1, 4], [3, 5, 6]), s([], [1, 4], [2, 3, 5, 6]), s([1], [4], [2, 3, 5, 6]), s([], [4], [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]), s([4], [], [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]), s([1, 4], [], [2, 3, 5, 6]), s([4], [1], [2, 3, 5, 6]), s([2, 4], [1], [3, 5, 6]), s([1, 2, 4], [], [3, 5, 6]), s([2, 4], [], [1, 3, 5, 6]), s([4], [2], [1, 3, 5, 6]), s([1, 4], [2], [3, 5, 6]), s([4], [1, 2], [3, 5, 6]), s([3, 4], [1, 2], [5, 6]), s([1, 3, 4], [2], [5, 6]), s([3, 4], [2], [1, 5, 6]), s([2, 3, 4], [], [1, 5, 6]), s([1, 2, 3, 4], [], [5, 6]), s([2, 3, 4], [1], [5, 6]), s([3, 4], [1], [2, 5, 6]), s([1, 3, 4], [], [2, 5, 6]), s([3, 4], [], [1, 2, 5, 6]), s([4], [3], [1, 2, 5, 6]), s([1, 4], [3], [2, 5, 6]), s([4], [1, 3], [2, 5, 6]), s([2, 4], [1, 3], [5, 6]), s([1, 2, 4], [3], [5, 6]), s([2, 4], [3], [1, 5, 6]), s([4], [2, 3], [1, 5, 6]), s([1, 4], [2, 3], [5, 6]), s([4], [1, 2, 3], [5, 6]), s([], [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]), s([1], [2, 3], [4, 5, 6]), s([], [2, 3], [1, 4, 5, 6]), s([2], [3], [1, 4, 5, 6]), s([1, 2], [3], [4, 5, 6]), s([2], [1, 3], [4, 5, 6]), s([], [1, 3], [2, 4, 5, 6]), s([1], [3], [2, 4, 5, 6]), s([], [3], [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]), s([3], [], [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]), s([1, 3], [], [2, 4, 5, 6]), s([3], [1], [2, 4, 5, 6]), s([2, 3], [1], [4, 5, 6]), s([1, 2, 3], [], [4, 5, 6]), s([2, 3], [], [1, 4, 5, 6]), s([3], [2], [1, 4, 5, 6]), s([1, 3], [2], [4, 5, 6]), s([3], [1, 2], [4, 5, 6]), s([], [1, 2], [3, 4, 5, 6]), s([1], [2], [3, 4, 5, 6]), s([], [2], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]), s([2], [], [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]), s([1, 2], [], [3, 4, 5, 6]), s([2], [1], [3, 4, 5, 6]), s([], [1], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), s([1], [], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), s([], [], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])]
In SWI-Prolog, one needs to hit W you ask the interactive shell to print the full list.