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I've written a code to draw a line. Here is the function:

def drawLines():
    r,g,b = 255,30,20
    #drawing visible axis
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
    glColor3ub(r,g,b)
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    #glRotate(10,500,-500,0)
    glVertex2f(0,500)
    glVertex2f(0,-500)

    glEnd()
    glFlush()

Now I'm trying to rotate the line. I'm trying to follow this documentation but can't understand. According to the documentation the rotating function is defined as follows:

def glRotate( angle , x , y , z ):

I've no z-axis. So I'm keeping z=0. What i'm I missing here?

Rabbid76
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exiled
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1 Answers1

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Note, that drawing by glBegin/glEnd sequences nad the fixed function pipeline matrix stack, is deprecated since decades. Read about Fixed Function Pipeline and see Vertex Specification and Shader for a state of the art way of rendering:

The x, y and z parameter which are passed to glRotate are the axis of rotation. Since geometry is drawn in the xy-plane, the axis of rotation has to be the z-axis (0,0,1):

glRotatef(10, 0, 0, 1)

To rotate around a pivot you have to define a model matrix, which displaces by the inverted pivot, then rotates and final transforms back by to the pivot (glTranslate):

glTranslatef(pivot_x, pivot_y, 0)
glRotatef(10, 0, 0, 1)
glTranslatef(-pivot_x, -pivot_y, 0)

Further note that operations like glRotate are not allowed within a glBegin/glEnd sequence. In glBegin/glEnd sequence only operations are allowed which set the vertex attributes like glVertex or glColor. You have to set the matrix before glBegin:

e.g.

def drawLines():
    pivot_x, pivot_y = 0, 250
    r,g,b = 255,30,20

    glTranslatef(pivot_x, pivot_y, 0)
    glRotatef(2, 0, 0, 1)
    glTranslatef(-pivot_x, -pivot_y, 0)

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
    glColor3ub(r,g,b)

    #drawing visible axis
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    glVertex2f(0,500)
    glVertex2f(0,-500)
    glEnd()

    glFlush()

If you want to rotate the line only, without affecting other objects, then you have save and restore the matirx stack by glPushMatrix/glPopMatrix:

angle = 0

def drawLines():
    global angle 
    pivot_x, pivot_y = 0, 250
    r,g,b = 255,30,20

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

    glPushMatrix()

    glTranslatef(pivot_x, pivot_y, 0)
    glRotatef(angle, 0, 0, 1)
    angle += 2
    glTranslatef(-pivot_x, -pivot_y, 0)

    glColor3ub(r,g,b)

    #drawing visible axis
    glBegin(GL_LINES)
    glVertex2f(0,500)
    glVertex2f(0,-500)
    glEnd()

    glPopMatrix()

    glFlush()
Rabbid76
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  • wow! it worked! Thank You. Is there any good material/resource to learn PyOpenGL? And what is the difference between glRotate() and glRotatef() ? – exiled Dec 23 '18 at 15:31
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    `glRotatef` is for single precision floating points (`float`) like `glVertex2f`. There are a lot of tutorials all over the web. Google found [Python & OpenGL for Scientific Visualization](http://www.labri.fr/perso/nrougier/python-opengl/) , which looks good. – Rabbid76 Dec 23 '18 at 15:34
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    Another problem! I had another function in the program to draw another line. This line has rotated too. Any solution? – exiled Dec 23 '18 at 15:40
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    @exiled See the extension to the answer – Rabbid76 Dec 23 '18 at 15:47