Just to clarify the column type is, with one exception, largely irrelevant as any type of data can be stored in any type of column.
- The exception is the rowid column or an alias of the rowid column, such a column MUST store an integer. By integer it is a 64bit signed integer and thus encompasses a java long.
The column type itself is also flexible for example CREATE TABLE mytable (mycolumn a_pretty_weird_column_type)
is valid (as would be LONG). Such types are converted according to 5 rules to the column affinity.
Putting the above together, using :-
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mytable (mycolumn a_pretty_weird_column_type);
DELETE FROM mytable;
INSERT INTO mytable VALUES
(1549251913000),
(999999999999999),('Fred'),(x'010203040506070809'),(0.234567),(null),
('999999999999999'), -- Note although specified as TEXT as mycolumn is effectively NUMERIC stored as INTEGER
('0.234567') -- As above but stored as REAL
;
SELECT
*,
typeof(mycolumn) AS coltype, -- The column type (note as per value not column definition)
hex(mycolumn) AS as_hex, -- Convert column to a hex representation of the data
CAST(mycolumn AS TEXT) AS as_text, -- follow rules
CAST(mycolumn AS INTEGER) AS as_integer,
CAST(mycolumn AS REAL) AS as_real,
CAST(mycolumn AS NUMERIC) AS as_numeric,
CAST(mycolumn AS BLOB) AS as_blob
FROM mytable;
results in :-

The bible as such is Datatypes In SQLite Version 3.
but when I take the value, it doesn't match what I expected. it
becomes like this -1231280856
The Issue
As such your issue is nothing to do with the column type, not SQLite as such, rather it's due to using the Cursor getInt method, instead of the getLong method.
One answer says,
Its always better to store date and time in form of Text in sqlite.
This is incorrect, from a space point of view and therefore the underlying efficiency the use of a numeric representation, i.e. 64bit signed integer as per SQL As Understood By SQLite - Date And Time Functions - Time Strings (maximum of 8 bytes), of the date and time will be more efficient than storing the 19 bytes (for an accuracy down to a second).