What does the expression eval(function(){ } ()) do in javascript?

Question

I found this script on a web page:

eval(function(a, b, c, d, e, f) {
    //do some thing here and return value
}(val1, val2, val3, val4, val5, {}))

Do you know what above expression really does?

Answer 1

Let's unpack things one by one, first the inner part

function(a, b, c, d, e, f) {
    //do some thing here and return value
}(val1, val2, val3, val4, val5, {})

In fact, let's simplify it even more

(function() { //takes no paremeters
    console.log("this was executed");
}())//no parameters given here

This is called an immediately invoked function expression or very often shortened to IIFE. It is rather boring, honestly, the name is the entire description but let me rephrase - it's a function that is declared and then executed straight away. This is done by the final () brackets - exactly how you'd otherwise execute a function, for example parseInt(). In this simple case, it simply prints something to the console and finishes.

However, it is a normal function and it can do anything you want, including take parameters:

(function(param1, param2) { //takes two parameters
    console.log("this was executed with parameters", param1, param2);
}("hello", "world"))//these are passed to the function

So, you can do a lot more stuff. You can even return a value and the parameters passed to the function could be variables:

var someVariable = "hello";
var anotherVariable = "world";

var resultFromIIFE = (function(param1, param2) { //takes two parameters
    console.log("this was executed with parameters", param1, param2);
    return param1 + param2;
}(someVariable, anotherVariable));

console.log(resultFromIIFE);

So, hopefully that clears up the inner part. I'll get back to it.

As for eval - it takes a string and executes it as JavaScript code.

eval("console.log('this comes from eval()')");


var evalCanReturnResults = eval("1 + 2");
console.log(evalCanReturnResults);


var a = 3;
var b = 4;
var evalCanUseVariables = eval("a + b");

console.log(evalCanUseVariables);

That's a quick crash course in eval. It's enough to understand that it can take any arbitrary string and execute it as JS.

So, if we put the two together, the inner IIFE will most likely be generating some code dynamically for eval to execute. For example, you could have something like::

eval(function(limit, toPrint) {
    return "for (var i = 0; i < " + limit + "; i++) { console.log('" + toPrint + "') }"
}(3, "foo"))

Which will generate a for loop with the parameters specified and execute it.

Answer 2

This does 2 things.

1. Creates an anonymous function and executes it.
2. eval the results of the function.

Here is a simplified example.

eval(
  function(a) {
    let str = a + ' world'
    let toEval = 'console.log("' + str + '")'
    // the string is now -> 'console.log("hello world")'
    return toEval
  }('hello')
)

Defines a function that accepts a string, adds ' world', and creates code as a new string, then returns it. This function has no name, and so is anonymous.

Executes the function with param hello.

Then execute the returned code (in string form) using eval.

Answer 3

eval method is actually used for executing scripts as soon as that eval statement is executed. It can execute script in string format. Just like below -

eval("console.log('hello world')")

In your case, it is actually nothing but just executing the script as soon as that statement is executed.