Not without VBA.
Since you can use VBA functions in queries, this certainly is possible.
You can use the following function:
Public Function LikeReplace(strInput As String, strPattern As String, strReplace As String, Optional start As Long = 1)
Dim LenCompare As Long
Do While start <= Len(strInput)
For LenCompare = Len(strInput) - start + 1 To 1 Step -1
If Mid(strInput, start, LenCompare) Like strPattern Then
strInput = Left(strInput, start - 1) & strReplace & Right(strInput, Len(strInput) - (start + LenCompare - 1))
End If
Next
start = start + 1
Loop
LikeReplace = strInput
End Function
This uses the VBA LIKE
pattern to match. You can then implement it in your query:
SELECT LikeReplace(MyStatus, '<div*>', '') FROM tblWork
Performance will suffer, though, both because the VBA function is not high performance and because calling VBA from queries causes overhead. And this can't be used from external applications.
For more advanced pattern matching, you can use a VBA UDF that uses regex, as shared here by Krish KM