Is the map not working after uploading the app to the Play Store? Or just testing the Release APK?
If the issue only happens when testing the Release APK locally (whether on an emulator or local device), you want to make sure you get the SHA1 fingerprint of the release certificate, as this is a different SHA1 fingerprint that Android Studio uses in Debug mode.
You can find the SHA1 you need to use by running the keytool command[1] on your keystore and key alias:
keytool -list -v -keystore your_keystore_name -alias your_alias_name
***As a note, you can also add multiple Package Name + SHA1 restrictions to a single API Key, so you should have one for your debug certificate and one for your release certificate added in the Cloud Console.
[1] https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-sdk/signup#release-cert