It used to be the case, as described in this answer from five years ago, that web sites could not reliably tell whether a client's browser was in Incognito Mode. However, in the past few months, I've started encountering sites which are able to throw up a banner that says, "hey, you're in Private Browsing mode, so we won't show you any content."
I have two questions, which are opposite sides of the same coin:
As a web developer in 2019, how would I construct a reliable check for a user's Private Browsing status?
As a privacy-conscious web user in 2019, who might like to keep the meta-information of his privacy-consciousness private as well, how could I reliably generate a first-time-visitor experience from a site that is desperate to track me?
In pre-Incognito days I would have accomplished #2 by using a "clean profile" to visit a site that I didn't want to follow me around. User profiles are apparently still in Firefox, though I suspect they probably don't protect against browser fingerprinting. But I'm not sure whether that is a good summary of my threat model --- my interest is mostly in opting out of the advertisement-driven data-mining ecosystem, without being treated differently for doing so.