We might be able to capture your desired output with a simple expression, with only a '
as a left boundary, then collecting the letters, similar to:
'([\p{L}]+)
Test
# coding=utf8
# the above tag defines encoding for this document and is for Python 2.x compatibility
import re
regex = r"'([\p{L}]+)"
test_str = ("'가락시장(340)',\n"
" '가락시장(8)',\n"
" '가산디지털단지(7)',\n"
" '강남(222)',\n"
" '강남구청',\n"
" '강동',\n"
" '강동구청',\n"
" '강변(214)',\n"
" '개롱',\n"
" '개화산',\n"
" '거여',\n"
" '건대입구(212)',\n"
" '건대입구(7)',\n"
" '경복궁(317)',\n"
" '경찰병원(341)',\n"
" '고덕',\n"
" '고려대',\n"
" '고속터미널(329)',\n"
" '고속터미널(7)',\n"
" '공덕(5)',\n"
" '공덕(6)',\n"
" '공릉',\n"
" '광나루',")
matches = re.finditer(regex, test_str, re.MULTILINE)
for matchNum, match in enumerate(matches, start=1):
print ("Match {matchNum} was found at {start}-{end}: {match}".format(matchNum = matchNum, start = match.start(), end = match.end(), match = match.group()))
for groupNum in range(0, len(match.groups())):
groupNum = groupNum + 1
print ("Group {groupNum} found at {start}-{end}: {group}".format(groupNum = groupNum, start = match.start(groupNum), end = match.end(groupNum), group = match.group(groupNum)))
# Note: for Python 2.7 compatibility, use ur"" to prefix the regex and u"" to prefix the test string and substitution.

RegEx
If this expression wasn't desired, it can be modified or changed in regex101.com.
RegEx Circuit
jex.im visualizes regular expressions:
Reference
How to implement \p{L} in python regex