UTF-8 encoding problem in Spring MVC

Question

I' ve a Spring MVC bean and I would like to return turkish character by setting encoding UTF-8. but although my string is "şŞğĞİıçÇöÖüÜ" it returns as "??????çÇöÖüÜ". and also when I look at the response page, which is internet explorer page, encoding is western european iso, not UTF-8.

Here is the code:

    @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET,value="/GetMyList")
public @ResponseBody String getMyList(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws CryptoException{
    String contentType= "text/html;charset=UTF-8";
    response.setContentType(contentType);
    try {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");     
    String str="şŞğĞİıçÇöÖüÜ";
    return str;
}   

Answer 1

I've figured it out, you can add to request mapping produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"

@RequestMapping(value = "/rest/create/document", produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")
@ResponseBody
public void create(Document document, HttpServletRespone respone) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

    Document newDocument = DocumentService.create(Document);

    return jsonSerializer.serialize(newDocument);
}

see this blog post for more details on the solution

Answer 2

in your dispatcher servlet context xml, you have to add a propertie "<property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />" on your viewResolver bean. we are using freemarker for views.

it looks something like this:

<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
       ...
       <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
       ...
</bean>

Answer 3

Convert the JSON string to UTF-8 on your own.

@RequestMapping(value = "/example.json", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public byte[] example() throws Exception {

    return "{ 'text': 'äöüß' } ".getBytes("UTF-8");
}

Answer 4

In Spring 5, or maybe in earlier versions, there is MediaType class. It has already correct line, if you want to follow DRY:

public static final String APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE = "application/json;charset=UTF-8";

So I use this set of controller-related annotations:

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "my/api/url", produces = APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
public class MyController {
    // ... Methods here
}

It is marked deprecated in the docs, but I've run into this issue and it is better than copy-pastying the aforementioned line on every method/controller throughout your application, I think.

Answer 5

You need add charset in the RequestMapping annotation:

@RequestMapping(path = "/account",  produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")

Answer 6

I found that "@RequestMapping produces=" and other configuration changes didn't help me. By the time you do resp.getWriter(), it is also too late to set the encoding on the writer.

Adding a header to the HttpServletResponse works.

@RequestMapping(value="/test", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public void test(HttpServletResponse resp) {
    try {
        resp.addHeader("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter w = resp.getWriter();
        w.write("{\"name\" : \"μr μicron\"}");
        w.flush();
        w.close();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

Answer 7

There are some similar questions: Spring MVC response encoding issue, Custom HttpMessageConverter with @ResponseBody to do Json things.

However, my simple solution:

@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET,value="/GetMyList")
public ModelAndView getMyList(){
  String test = "čćžđš";
  ...
  ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("html_utf8");
  mav.addObject("responseBody", test);
}

and the view html_utf8.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>${responseBody}

No additional classes and configuration.
And You can also create another view (for example json_utf8) for other content type.

Answer 8

I've resolved this issue by inferring the produced return type into the first GET requestMethod. The important part here is the

produces="application/json;charset=UTF-8

So every one how use /account/**, Spring will return application/json;charset=UTF-8 content type.

@Controller
@Scope("session") 
@RequestMapping(value={"/account"}, method = RequestMethod.GET,produces="application/json;charset=UTF-8")
public class AccountController {

   protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

   ....//More parameters and method here...

   @RequestMapping(value={"/getLast"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
   public @ResponseBody String getUltimo(HttpServletResponse response) throws JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException{

      ObjectWriter writer = new ObjectMapper().writer().withDefaultPrettyPrinter();
      try {
        Account account = accountDao.getLast();
        return writer.writeValueAsString(account);
      }
      catch (Exception e) {
        return errorHandler(e, response, writer);
      }
}

So, you do not have to set up for each method in your Controller, you can do it for the entire class. If you need more control over a specific method, you just only have to infer the produces return content type.

Answer 9

Also add to your beans :

   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
    <property name="messageConverters">
        <array>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg index="0" name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8"/>
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
        </bean></bean>

For @ExceptionHandler :

enter code<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver">
    <property name="messageConverters">
        <array>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
                <constructor-arg index="0" name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8"/>
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
            <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
                <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                    <list>
                        <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
                        <value>application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8</value>
                    </list>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </array>
    </property>
</bean>

If you use <mvc:annotation-driven/> it should be after beans.

Answer 10

If you are using Spring MVC version 5 you can set the encoding also using the @GetMapping annotation. Here is an example which sets the content type to JSON and also the encoding type to UTF-8:

@GetMapping(value="/rest/events", produces = "application/json; charset=UTF-8")

More information on the @GetMapping annotation here:

https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/bind/annotation/GetMapping.html

Answer 11

When you try to send special characters like è,à,ù, etc etc, may be you see in your Jsp Post page many characters like '£','Ä’ or ‘Æ’. To solve this problem in 99% of cases you may move in your web.xml this piece of code at the head of file:

   <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

For complete example see here : https://lentux-informatica.com/spring-mvc-utf-8-encoding-problem-solved/

Answer 12

If are using spring boot just add this properies to your applications.properties file:

server.servlet.encoding.charset=UTF-8
server.servlet.encoding.force=true

Answer 13

If you are using Spring Boot (tested with 3.0.4), then UTF-8 will work out of the box by default for both HTTP POST requests and responses.

If you have manually added Spring MVC, then you'll need to configure two things:

1. CharacterEncodingFilter: a Spring Web servlet filter that allows you to:

specify a character encoding for requests. This is useful because current browsers typically do not set a character encoding even if specified in the HTML page or form.

2. StringHttpMessageConverter: a Spring HttpMessageConverter that allows you to change the response Content-Type HTTP header field. Without this, the Content-Type header will usually be text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1 instead of UTF-8.

How to set CharacterEncodingFilter?

It depends on your web app configuration. You should look into how you can set a Servlet Filter in general. For CharacterEncodingFilter you'll need to set the encoding param to utf-8 and the forceEncoding to true.

For example, if you are using web.xml to configure Servlet Filters, then you could use something like this in your web.xml:

    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        <dispatcher>REQUEST</dispatcher>
    </filter-mapping>

If this doesn't work (meaning, your MVC controller doesn't receive request parameters as UTF-8), then you need to move the characterEncodingFilter higher up in web.xml, so that it gets called before other filters.

How to set StringHttpMessageConverter?

Change/add your WebMvcConfigurer to something like this:

import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.List;

public class MyCustomWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        converters.add(0, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    }
}

It uses StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1 by default, but the code above will change it to UTF-8. You can verify if this is working, by checking the Content-Type header in the HTTP responses. Which should now show text/html;charset=UTF-8 instead of text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1.