The 'AssetManifest.json' will soon be deprecated that will be replaced with 'AssetManifest.bin'.
However it's still undocumented I believe. If you're using a newer Flutter version (see the links for updates), there is an api to get the list of assets like so:
final assetManifest = await AssetManifest.loadFromAssetBundle(rootBundle);
// This returns a List<String> with all your images
final imageAssetsList = assetManifest.listAssets().where((string) => string.startsWith("assets/images/")).toList()
Tested on Flutter Channel stable, 3.10.6
Related links/github tracking:
Speed up first asset load by encoding asset manifest in binary rather than JSON
[tracking] Speed up asset manifest loading and parsing