As Villat indicated in comment one way to set zoom level is "this.zoom=50;
"
You can do this either by indicating it in jrxml
<property name="net.sf.jasperreports.export.pdf.javascript" value="this.zoom=50;"/>
or
by setting it to the SimplePdfExporterConfiguration
if exporting from java
....
SimplePdfExporterConfiguration configuration = new SimplePdfExporterConfiguration();
configuration.setPdfJavaScript("this.zoom=50;");
exporter.setConfiguration(configuration);
However
It is up to the reader (application used to open pdf), to decide if it will/can execute the javascript.
For example in standard Adobe Acrobat Reader DC a user can manually turn this off under menu Edit>>Preferences

Furthermore, if the reader is already open it seems to not always like to change the zoom level through javascript, my installed reader works properly only if it opens with the pdf.
Alternative solution
If you are exporting in java you can post elaborate the pdf adding a OpenAction, see Bruno Lowagie's answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/24095098/5292302
public void manipulatePdf(String src, String dest) throws IOException, DocumentException {
PdfReader reader = new PdfReader(src);
PdfStamper stamper = new PdfStamper(reader, new FileOutputStream(dest));
PdfDestination pdfDest = new PdfDestination(PdfDestination.XYZ, 0,
reader.getPageSize(1).getHeight(), 0.75f);
PdfAction action = PdfAction.gotoLocalPage(1, pdfDest, stamper.getWriter());
stamper.getWriter().setOpenAction(action);
stamper.close();
reader.close();
}
Hence once exported, you call a similar method, if memory allows it you can also do this in memory using a ByteArrayOutputStream
or similar.
This solution is more reliable, but in the the end it's always up to to the reader that user is using if it will be respected or not.