I was able to develop a workaround for this issue by installing miniconda from Homebrew (https://brew.sh/). After installing Homebrew, type the following into Terminal:
brew cask install miniconda
Once miniconda is installed, conda commands should be accessible through Terminal and you may also want to run conda update conda
to ensure the packages in your environment are consistent.
Finally, you may have to change your approach to opening Anaconda tools such as Jupyter Notebook. Such tools can be accessed via Terminal with the prefix conda run ...
For example:
conda run jupyter notebook
will open Jupyter Notebook, but the command
jupyter notebook
might not work. A similar question was asked on this post.