Shadow a global variable in elisp

Question

First I define a global variable x:

ELISP> (defvar x (cons 1 3))
x
ELISP> x
(1 . 3)

After some operations, I want to shadow x and reassign its value to 5:

ELISP> (defvar x 5)
x
ELISP> x
(1 . 3)

But it still has the original value. How can I shadow a global variable?

Possible duplicate of [setq and defvar in Lisp](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3855862/setq-and-defvar-in-lisp) — tripleee, Oct 29 '19 at 08:14

score 2 · Accepted Answer · answered Oct 29 '19 at 08:12

The defvar form does not override the value if the variable is already defined. This is so that the user can say (setq preference value) in their .emacs even before loading the package which declares and uses preference using defvar.

As suggested above, use setq to permanently and unconditionally replace any previous value.

To temporarily override a value, use let.

(let ((preference temp-value))
    ... code which needs to see temp-value ...)
;; previous global value is restored after the let form

Shadow a global variable in elisp

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