If I understand your question correctly, you want to develop an app that can push notifications to other devices.
The best way to would be to have a server and have the device sending the notification to send a request to the server. The server would then store it in a database. Then when the other devices send a request to the server to check for anything new, they would see that newest entry and push a notification to the phone.
In reference to Dave DeLong's comment, this app might actually be good if people don't want to use their minutes/texts/3G/4G, but instead only want to use WiFi. Also would be good for a small corporation instead of having walki-talkis. (That last part may be a stretch.)
Good luck on developing!
In order to make the device check for new notifications from the server simply have it access a link during a set interval (maybe like every 5-10 seconds; an ideal situation would be to have a setting for users to change the time interval between checks):
hxxp://domain.com/checkForNew.php?deviceID=foo&otherSecurity=blah
Then have the PHP return some kinds of values that you may need. An example output would be:
fromID|toIDs|dateSent|message
On the iPhone you can get this content using:
NSString *googleString = @"hxxp://domain.com/checkForNew.php?deviceID=foo&otherSecurity=blah";
NSURL *googleURL = [NSURL URLWithString:googleString];
NSError *error;
NSString *googlePage = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:googleURL
encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding
error:&error];
(This code can be found here: Reading HTML content from a UIWebView )
Finally, separate this string into appropriate variables and push the notification.