Linking external cblas archive library using cmake

Question

I downloaded and built (seemingly correctly) the relevant BLAS and CBLAS libraries (from netlib.org/blas) in my Linux Fedora environment. The result of this was a blas_LINUX.a file, which I renamed libblas.a and copied to \usr\local\lib, and a cblas.h file which I copied to \usr\include. I subsequently tried referencing this in a CMakeList.txt file in a CLion project. The file is as follows:

project(test C)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)

set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)

include_directories(include)

add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} src/main.c)

find_library(blas libblas.a /usr/local/lib)
MESSAGE(STATUS "CBLAS location is: " ${blas})

target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${blas})

Going by the message that cmake produces when reloaded, the cblas library seems to get found fine. However when I try and run my application, I get the following linker error message:

undefined reference to `cblas_dgemm`

Following are the contents of my main.c file

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <cblas.h>

int main(int arg, char *args[]) {

  .
  .
  .

    printf("Processing cblas_dgemm matrix multiplication.\n");
    cblas_dgemm(CblasRowMajor, CblasNoTrans, CblasNoTrans, N, N, N, alpha, A[0], N, B[0], N, beta, C[0], N);

  .
  .
  .
    return 0;
}

I'm not entirely sure where I'm going wrong here. I'm very new using cmake, and I'm going around in circles trying to figure out what the problems is, when searching online. Any pointers in the right direction would be greatly received, and appreciated.

Ammendment (CMakeOutput.txt is as follows)

The system is: Linux - 5.4.8-200.fc31.x86_64 - x86_64
Compiling the C compiler identification source file "CMakeCCompilerId.c" succeeded.
Compiler: /usr/bin/cc 
Build flags: 
Id flags:  

The output was:
0


Compilation of the C compiler identification source "CMakeCCompilerId.c" produced "a.out"

The C compiler identification is GNU, found in "/home/xxx.xxx/CLionProjects/assignment_2/cmake-build-debug/CMakeFiles/3.15.3/CompilerIdC/a.out"

Determining if the C compiler works passed with the following output:
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`${cblas}` is not `${blas}`. Did you try starting with simple `target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC /usr/local/lib/libblas.a)`? — KamilCuk, Jan 14 '20 at 22:27
The symbol got linked when I tried. I am on Ubuntu by the way. Can you post the CMake log — Bpaul, Jan 15 '20 at 09:23
@KamilCuk apologies, that was an update mistake. I tried your update anyway. No Joy I'm afraid. Same problem. — Ruaghain, Jan 15 '20 at 10:33
There is could be another library name like `libopenblas.a` to link with. — Andry, Jan 15 '20 at 10:41
@Andry I could use openblas, however, I'm hoping to avoid that, and instead learn where I've gone wrong with my current implementation, and fix that ;-) — Ruaghain, Jan 15 '20 at 13:15
Does the error message appear when you *run* the executable or when you compile ? If it’s when you run, then the library may have been linked as dynamic (not static) and the runtime linker can’t find the library — chmike, Jan 15 '20 at 13:52
@chmike happens only when I run the application. I'll check that though. — Ruaghain, Jan 15 '20 at 14:09

score 0 · Answer 1 · answered Jan 17 '20 at 14:22

0

Looks like the dynamic linker cannot find a shared library.

You can use ldd to inspect dynamic dependencies

Example looking at the dependencies of /bin/ls

ldd /bin/ls
             linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffcc3563000)
             libselinux.so.1 => /lib64/libselinux.so.1 (0x00007f87e5459000)
             libcap.so.2 => /lib64/libcap.so.2 (0x00007f87e5254000)
             libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f87e4e92000)
             libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f87e4c22000)
             libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f87e4a1e000)
             /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005574bf12e000)
             libattr.so.1 => /lib64/libattr.so.1 (0x00007f87e4817000)
             libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f87e45fa000)

Ensure the .so files exist at the path specified.

ldd manpage

answered Jan 17 '20 at 14:22

Mike Seeds

400
3
10

Not likely, since the library is a static library (`libblas.a`). – scooter me fecit Jan 21 '20 at 20:21
It is a run-time error, has to be something to do with a shared library. libblas also has a .so version. – Mike Seeds Jan 23 '20 at 10:58
With respect, the OP used a static library, which resulted int a compile/link time error, going by the CMakeLists.txt content. On Linux, you would link with a `.so` to get the shared object/dynamic linking support, not the static `.a`. – scooter me fecit Jan 24 '20 at 19:10
@scootermefecit OP said it was a run-time error. "However when I try and run my application, I get the following linker error message:". – Mike Seeds Jan 25 '20 at 20:44
Were it truly a runtime error with a dynamic library (and I'm assuming the OP is on Linux), the app should have linked with a shared object library, ".so". But it didn't; it linked with a static library. Hence my skepticism that this is a dynamic library issue. – scooter me fecit Feb 06 '20 at 00:39
Someone asked him in the comments "Does the error message appear when you run the executable or when you compile ?" and he replied "happens only when I run the application". – Mike Seeds Feb 06 '20 at 12:13

score 0 · Answer 2 · answered Jan 20 '20 at 16:31

0

I do not know how exactly you generated your libblas.a, but you could have a look at the FindBLAS CMake directive. (Take care about the note regarding C/C++)

https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.14/module/FindBLAS.html

answered Jan 20 '20 at 16:31

lnksz

421
3
15

I essentially did the following @Inksz 1. Extracted the BLAS compressed file to a directory 2. Ran `gfortran -O3 -c *.f` in that directory 3. Ran `ar cr libblas.a *.o` 4. Copied it to the lib directory: `sudo cp ./libblas.a /usr/local/lib/` – Ruaghain Jan 20 '20 at 18:28

score 0 · Answer 3 · answered Jan 21 '20 at 19:15

There are a bunch of things that can go wrong here, but to simplify:

copy libblas.a into the same directory as your program
Reference it explicitly in the makefile.
Check to see the location of CBLAS in your output (not shown)
Verify the permissions of libblas.a, and look at the symbols using nm
Force CMake to link everything statically (e.g. here static link question

Your symptoms suggest that you are picking up some other blas library at compile but not at runtime.

score 0 · Accepted Answer · answered Jan 21 '20 at 20:32

Your CMakeLists.txt should have something that looks like this, following the FindBLAS suggestion:

include(FindBLAS)

if (BLAS_FOUND)
    target_compile_options(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${BLAS_LINKER_FLAGS})
    target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${BLAS_LIBRARIES})
endif ()

Linking external cblas archive library using cmake

4 Answers4