How can i implement super() with multiple init inheritances?

Question

I was doing an exercise that involved multiple inheritances with initializers that had multiple amount of arguments required and thought, how could super() solve this instead of manually call each superclass?


class One:
    def __init__(self, address, phone):
        self.address = address
        self.phone = phone

class Two:
    def __init__(self, city):
        self.city = city

class Three(One,Two):
    def __init__(self, country, address, phone, city):
        self.country = country
        One.__init__(self, address, phone)
        Two.__init__(self, city)
        print(f"{address}, " + f"{phone}, " + f"{self.city}, " + f"{self.country}")

i = Three("Acountry", "AnAddress", "Aphone", "Acity")

This works fine, all the arguments are printed well and in order, but i don't know how to implement super() here.

I tried adding 2 supers on the subclass:

        super().__init__(address, phone)
        super().__init__(city)

And even add a super() on the parent class to make it point to class Two:

class One:
    def __init__(self, address, phone, city):
        self.address = address
        self.phone = phone
        super().__init__(city)

class Two:
    def __init__(self, city):
        self.city = city

class Three(One,Two):
    def __init__(self, country, address, phone, city):
        self.country = country
        super().__init__(address, phone)
        print(f"{address}, " + f"{phone}, " + f"{self.city}, " + f"{self.country}")

i = Three("Acountry", "AnAddress", "Aphone", "Acity")

It doesn't work.

How can i implement super() in the original code that works?

Refer [how-does-pythons-super-work-with-multiple-inheritance](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3277367/how-does-pythons-super-work-with-multiple-inheritance) — Sociopath, Jan 28 '20 at 18:46

score 3 · Accepted Answer · answered Jan 28 '20 at 18:46

You should read this article by Raymond Hettinger, which goes over how super is designed to work, and outlines how your classes using it should look. He recommends passing arguments as keyword arguments and calling super().__init__ at the end of every __init__:

class One:
    def __init__(self, address, phone, **kwargs):
        self.address = address
        self.phone = phone
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

class Two:
    def __init__(self, city, **kwargs):
        self.city = city
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

class Three(One,Two):
    def __init__(self, country, address, phone, city, **kwargs):
        self.country = country
        super().__init__(address=address, phone=phone, city=city, **kwargs)
        print(f"{address}, " + f"{phone}, " + f"{self.city}, " + f"{self.country}")

i = Three("Acountry", "AnAddress", "Aphone", "Acity")

One suggestion: `Three.__init__` doesn't have to duplicate the `address`, `phone`, and `city` parameters if you use keyword arguments when instantiating `Three`. (And you can enforce the use of keyword arguments by making all three keyword-only parameters.) — chepner, Jan 28 '20 at 18:54
Thank you for the answer! Is there a way to solve this without args and kwargs? Originally, this example was to make emphasis on how more complicated a inheritance is without args and kwargs. Also, which class would the super() on class Two call? The default object class? — Flonne, Jan 28 '20 at 19:59

How can i implement super() with multiple init inheritances?

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