As the error indicates, you added "self" to the method. Self represent an instance of a class that is passed automatically when you make a call, see here fore more info.
So try to remove the self parameter and it should just work:
import schedule
import time
def p_b():
print('hello')
schedule.every().minute.do(p_b)
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)
Edit
If you do have that method inside a class and you have the scheduler outside, you need to call it from an instance of the class e.g.:
import schedule
import time
class SomeClass:
def p_b(self):
print('hello')
if __name__=='__main__':
some_class = SomeClass()
schedule.every().minute.do(some_class.p_b)
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)