DATEDIFF between dates based on business hour (8 am - 5 pm) instead of total hours or days

Question

I need to calculate the business hours (8am - 5pm) between different dates. Here is the scenario: Tickets get assigned to employees (Ticket_Submission (DateTime)), then the employee creates a product (Build_Date (Datetime)), now sometimes in order to create a product a medication needs to be built (Med_Date (Datetime)). In order to calculate the how long it took for the employee to create a product, I need to DATEDIFF between Ticket_submission AND Build_Date, however, if medication is involved, it had to be between Med_Date AND Build_Date. It is OK to include weekends and holidays. The following helps me to get the difference in days:

.....
,IIF((med_date = buid_date OR ticket_submission = build_date), 1 
, IIF(med_date IS NULL OR med_date < ticket_submission , (DATEDIFF(dd, ticket_submission,build_date))
, DATEDIFF(dd, med_date, build_date))) AS buildcompletedate,….

This only gives me the number of days, also, I know that if instead of DD, I put hours I can get the total number of hours between the 2 dates. But, how I can have these in business hours?

I do appreciate your help.

ticketID  Ticket_submission               Med_Date                Build_Date
1549392    2017-04-07 10:31:06:210        2017-04-08 11:31:06:210  2017-04-09 12:30:08:110
1751406    2017-06-06 4:30:08:200        2018-08-06 3:30:08:200   2018-09-10 3:30:08:200 
2583870    2019-11-20 1:20:01:100        NULL                     2019-11-23 2:20:01:100          

To help construct test sample, here is a common table expression that constructs the test sample in-memory:

; with Ticket (TicketID, Ticket_Submission, Med_Date, Build_Date)
AS
(
    SELECT TicketID = 1549392, Ticket_Submission = CAST('2017-04-07 10:31:06:210' AS DATETIME2), Med_Date = CAST('2017-04-08 11:31:06:210' AS DATETIME2), Build_Date = CAST('2017-04-09 12:30:08:110' AS DATETIME2) UNION ALL
    SELECT 1751406, CAST('2017-06-06 4:30:08:200' AS DATETIME2), CAST('2018-08-06 3:30:08:200' AS DATETIME2), CAST('2018-09-10 3:30:08:200 ' AS DATETIME2) UNION ALL
    SELECT 2583870, CAST('2019-11-20 1:20:01:100' AS DATETIME2), CAST(NULL AS DATETIME2), CAST('2019-11-23 2:20:01:100' AS DATETIME2)
)
select

    TicketID,
    0 AS RoundedBusinessHoursBetweenDates /* Update with answer code */
from Ticket

Expected Results

TicketID  RoundedBusinessHoursBetweenDates 
--------  --------------------------------
1549392   10
1751406   307
2583870   20????

Rounding

• It's OK to round hours
  • for example, instead of 4 hours 30 min, have it as 5 hours.

Understanding the Calculation, Step-By-Step

1. For the first row (TicketID 1549392), I expect to see:
   1. 10 hours ( about 5 hours and 30 min from 11:31 am till 5 pm (for the first day)+ 4.5 hours for 8 am till 12:30 for the second day)
2. For the second row (TicketID 1751406), I expect to see:
   1. 2 hours for the first day (for the med_build date) + 8 hours for the last day (8 am till 3:30 pm) + 9 * remaining days between these 2 days
3. For the third row (TicketID 2583870), if Med_Date is NULL then only the difference from ticket_submission till build_date

Answer 1

I am not sure your data is valid. I assume the date for the 2nd row should be 2018-09-10 15:30:08:200 as 2018-09-10 3:30:08:200 is not within working hours. Anyway, you'll need to calculate the hours in 3 separate parts. The hours from the start DateTime to 5 pm and the hours from 8 am of the last date to the real last DateTime, plus the working hours in between.

It's not pretty, but here is the sample code. The sum of these 3 columns is your total hours.

declare @tblTemp table(ticketId int, ticket_submission datetime, med_date datetime, build_date datetime)
insert into @tblTemp
values(1549392,'2017-04-07 10:31:06:210','2017-04-08 11:31:06:210','2017-04-09 12:30:08:110'),
    (1751406,'2017-06-06 16:30:08:200','2018-08-06 15:30:08:200','2018-09-10 15:30:08:200'),
    (2583870,'2019-11-20 13:20:01:100',null,'2019-11-23 14:20:01:100')

select ticketId, datediff(hour, coalesce(med_date, ticket_submission), convert(varchar(10), coalesce(med_date, ticket_submission), 120) + ' 17:00:00') -- first day hours
    ,(datediff(day, coalesce(med_date, ticket_submission), build_date) - 1) * (17-8) -- hours in between
    ,datediff(hour, convert(varchar(10), build_date, 120) + ' 08:00:00', build_date) -- last day hours
from @tblTemp

To exclude weekends, see this so answer or this one. If you want to exclude weekends and holidays, you might need a calendar table.

Answer 2

Try this:

; with Ticket (TicketID, Ticket_Submission, Med_Date, Build_Date)
AS
(
    SELECT TicketID = 1549392, Ticket_Submission = CAST('2017-04-07 10:31:06:210' AS DATETIME2), Med_Date = CAST('2017-04-08 11:31:06:210' AS DATETIME2), Build_Date = CAST('2017-04-09 12:30:08:110' AS DATETIME2) UNION ALL
    SELECT 1751406, CAST('2017-06-06 4:30:08:200' AS DATETIME2), CAST('2018-08-06 3:30:08:200' AS DATETIME2), CAST('2018-09-10 3:30:08:200 ' AS DATETIME2) UNION ALL
    SELECT 2583870, CAST('2019-11-20 1:20:01:100' AS DATETIME2), CAST(NULL AS DATETIME2), CAST('2019-11-23 2:20:01:100' AS DATETIME2)
)
select

    TicketID,
    CASE
        WHEN DATEDIFF(Hour,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date)>24
        THEN (DATEDIFF(Hour,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date)-15)/24
    END AS DAYS,
    CASE
        WHEN DATEDIFF(Hour,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date)>24 AND (DATEDIFF(Hour,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date)-15)/24 >0
        THEN DATEDIFF(Hour,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date) -(15 * DATEDIFF(DAY,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date))-9
        ELSE DATEDIFF(Hour,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date) -(15 * DATEDIFF(DAY,ISNULL(Med_Date,ticket_submission),build_date))
    END
from Ticket

The Total_Hours Column will Return the Total number of Columns Between the Two Days and the Days and Hours Column Return the Days and Hours Differences between those Columns.

Hope this Code Works Successfully for your Rows and Sorry for my previous answer i misunderstood your Question.

Anyway Thanks John Zabroski and Martin Smith

Answer 3

Several aspects were analyzed to implement the solution.

1. Schedule (with the days and hours per available for business)
2. The Holidays and religious (List Day)

by means of a function, it establishes the days related to the schedule

and if any of the days worked are holidays, evaluating each of the time ranges

already with these relations it is calculated by day how much I worked and calculates the total hours

with the code you can understand it better

CREATE FUNCTION TimeInBusiness
(
    @StarDate as Datetime,
    @EndDate as Datetime,
    @Schedule NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @HolyDay as varchar(3000)
)
RETURNS decimal(18,2)
AS 
BEGIN
    declare @Globalization as varchar(6)='en-US'
    declare @Returnvalue as varchar(4000);
    DECLARE @ListHolyDay TABLE(HolyDay Date);
    DECLARE @ListDays TABLE(Day Date,DayWeek varchar(20),StarTime Time,EndTime Time);

    INSERT INTO @ListHolyDay(HolyDay)
    SELECT try_cast(value as date)
    FROM  STRING_SPLIT(@HolyDay, ',')
    where try_cast(value as date) is not null

    DECLARE @ListBusinessDay TABLE(DayWeek varchar(20),InveralTimeStar Time,InveralTimeEnd Time);
    INSERT INTO @ListBusinessDay(DayWeek,InveralTimeStar,InveralTimeEnd)
    SELECT DayWeek,cast(InveralTimeStar as time) as InveralTimeStar,cast(InveralTimeEnd as time) as InveralTimeEnd
    FROM OPENJSON(@Schedule)
      WITH (
        DayWeek NVARCHAR(20) '$.Interval.DayWeek',
        InveralTimeStar NVARCHAR(20) '$.Interval.InveralTimeStar',
        InveralTimeEnd NVARCHAR(20) '$.Interval.InveralTimeEnd'
      );

    declare @SecondsHour as float=3600
    declare @IntervalStarDate as Date
    declare @IntervalEndDate as Date
    set @IntervalStarDate=cast(@StarDate as date)
    set @IntervalEndDate=cast(@EndDate as date)
    declare @StarTime as varchar(8)=''
    declare @EndTime as varchar(8)=''

    WHILE (@IntervalStarDate<=@IntervalEndDate) 
    BEGIN
        if (@IntervalStarDate<@StarDate)
        begin
            set @StarTime=FORMAT( @StarDate, 'HH:mm:ss', @Globalization )
        end
        else
        begin
            set @StarTime=FORMAT( @IntervalStarDate, 'HH:mm:ss', @Globalization )
        end
        if (@IntervalStarDate<@IntervalEndDate)
        begin
            set @EndTime='23:59:59'
        end
        else
        begin
            set @EndTime=FORMAT( @EndDate, 'HH:mm:ss', @Globalization )
        end
        INSERT INTO @ListDays(Day,DayWeek,StarTime,EndTime )VALUES (@IntervalStarDate, FORMAT( @IntervalStarDate, 'ddd', @Globalization ),cast(@StarTime as time),cast(@EndTime as time)) 
    set @IntervalStarDate=DATEADD(Day,1,@IntervalStarDate)
    END;

    with ForDayTime as 
    (
    select ListDays.Day,ListBusinessDay.DayWeek ,ListBusinessDay.InveralTimeStar,ListBusinessDay.InveralTimeEnd,
    ListDays.StarTime,ListDays.EndTime,
    CASE
        WHEN ListBusinessDay.InveralTimeStar<=ListDays.StarTime THEN ListDays.StarTime
        ELSE ListBusinessDay.InveralTimeStar
    END as StarTimeDay
    ,
    CASE
        WHEN ListBusinessDay.InveralTimeEnd>=ListDays.EndTime THEN ListDays.EndTime
        ELSE ListBusinessDay.InveralTimeEnd
    END as EndTimeDay
    from @ListDays as ListDays  
     inner join @ListBusinessDay as ListBusinessDay on ListDays.DayWeek =ListBusinessDay.DayWeek 
    where (ListDays.Day not in (select HolyDay from @ListHolyDay))
    )
    select 
@Returnvalue=isnull(sum(datediff(SECOND,  StarTimeDay,EndTimeDay)) /@SecondsHour,0) 
    from ForDayTime
    where (StarTimeDay<EndTimeDay)
    RETURN @Returnvalue;
    END;

Example Use

declare @StarDate as Datetime='2020-04-10 10:00:00'
declare @EndDate as Datetime='2020-04-20 12:59:00'
DECLARE @Schedule NVARCHAR(MAX);
SET @Schedule = N'[
{"Interval": {"DayWeek": "Mon", "InveralTimeStar": "09:30", "InveralTimeEnd": "11:30"}},
{"Interval": {"DayWeek": "Mon", "InveralTimeStar": "13:30", "InveralTimeEnd": "16:30"}},
{"Interval": {"DayWeek": "Tue", "InveralTimeStar": "08:30", "InveralTimeEnd": "16:30"}},
{"Interval": {"DayWeek": "Wed", "InveralTimeStar": "08:30", "InveralTimeEnd": "16:30"}},
{"Interval": {"DayWeek": "Thu", "InveralTimeStar": "08:30", "InveralTimeEnd": "16:30"}},
{"Interval": {"DayWeek": "Fri", "InveralTimeStar": "08:30", "InveralTimeEnd": "12:30"}}
]';
declare @HolyDay as varchar(3000)='2020-04-16,2020-04-17'
select 
dbo.TimeInBusiness('2020-04-10 10:00:00','2020-04-20 12:59:00',@Schedule,@HolyDay) as result,
dbo.TimeInBusiness('2020-04-10 10:00:00','2020-04-20 12:59:00',@Schedule,'') as result2,
dbo.TimeInBusiness('2020-04-01 10:00:00','2020-04-20 12:59:00',@Schedule,@HolyDay) as result
Go

example used funtion