Python doesn't export to the other file, it makes a copy. If you import a variable, myvar, from another file, and then change the value of that variable, you are only changing the value of the variable in memory - it will not rewrite the other file to reflect the change. Python reads the variable on import, but doesn't write back to the file - export. What you're manipulating is a value stored to memory - a copy.
Once you've manipulated the data, you can then write it to file, but you wouldn't edit a separate python file. Instead, keep your data in a txt or csv or json file. Instead of using import, you could use:
with open('mydata.txt', 'r') as fp: # 'r' for read
mydata = fp.read()
mydict = ast.literal_eval(mydata)
Above, I used ast.literal_eval() assuming I had a dictionary in a txt file represented as a string. If you use json, there would be a couple of differences. either way, you'll need to import json or ast.
Once you're done with your dict and want to save it again, use:
with open('mydata.txt', 'w') as fp: # 'w' for write
fp.write(str(mydict)) # convert back to a string
If you then need another python script to use the new data, they can both read and write from the same file.