Docs
Filtering
The currently supported filters are:
until () - only remove containers, images, and networks created before given timestamp
label (label=, label==, label!=, or label!==) - only remove containers, images, networks, and volumes with (or without, in case label!=... is used) the specified labels.
As we can see, the possibilities for filtering are pretty broad, including regex. In this particular situation, you would use the timestamp to remove images older than 10 minutes. Ex:
docker image prune --filter "until=10m"
This removes all images older than 10 minutes. I have to ask, are you sure you want to remove images older than 10 minutes? Curious because it's usually containers which are ephemeral, not images. This command also works with containers (replace image with container).