There's nothing built-in that will do that for you, you'll have to write a function for it or use this one liner that takes the map function for advantage:
substringsArray.some(substring=>yourBigString.includes(substring))
if you're looking for a more readable solution, then looping through an array would suffice.
const yourstring = 'some string'; // the string to check against
const substrings = ['foo','bar']; // search keys
while(substrings.length--) {
if(yourstring.indexOf(substrings[length])!=-1) {
// one of the substrings is in yourstring
}
}