Thank you very much @Chris, and yes, you were right @Trenton this is was I looking for "from ast import literal_eval"
This is the complete code, it check the minimal patch needed to go live for windows sysop
import pandas as pd
from ast import literal_eval
df = pd.read_csv('KBs.csv', converters={'Patch': literal_eval})
#Minimal Security Patches 2020
w2012 = ['KB4534288', 'KB4537794', 'KB4540694', 'KB4550971', 'KB4556852', 'KB4561674', 'KB4565535']
w2012R2 = ['KB4534309', 'KB4537803', 'KB4541505', 'KB4550970', 'KB4556853', 'KB4561673', 'KB4565540']
w2016 = ['KB4534271', 'KB4537764', 'KB4540670', 'KB4550929', 'KB4556813', 'KB4561616', 'KB4565511']
w2019 = ['KB4561608', 'KB4558998' ]
#The link with column "OS Version"
d = {'Server 2019': w2019, 'Server 2016': w2016, 'Server 2012 R2': w2012R2, 'Server 2012': w2012}
#The Compare
for k, v in d.items():
m = df['OS Version'].eq(k)
df.loc[m, 'NoPatch'] = df.loc[m, 'Patch'].apply(lambda x: list(set(v) - set(x)))
df
Enterprise Service Host OS Version Patch NoPatch
0 Toto Marketing consolamig Server 2019 [KB4523205, KB4519569, KB4503308, KB4499728, K... [KB4558998, KB4561608]
1 Toto Marketing dc01 Server 2016 [KB4525236, KB4485447, KB4520724, KB3192137, K... [KB4540670, KB4561616, KB4537764, KB4534271, K...
2 Toto Marketing duedil01 Server 2012 R2 [KB2920189, KB3103616, KB3045755, KB3161949, K... [KB4565540, KB4556853, KB4541505, KB4550970, K...
3 Toto Marketing win-4ea3 Server 2012 R2 [KB2939471, KB2919355, KB2938772, KB2999226, K... [KB4565540, KB4556853, KB4541505, KB4550970, K...
Thanks again