There was a discussion here that is now closed: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25871579/what-is-the-difference-between-rtos-and-embedded-linux#:~:text=Many%20RTOS%20are%20not%20full,essentially%20the%20scheduling%20kernel%20only.&text=Critically%20Linux%20is%20not%20real%2Dtime%20capable
The accepted answer could be summarised as "Critically Linux is not real-time capable".
However, I think this is misleading. When it comes to an OS like linux, you have to distinguish between applications, the kernel, and device drivers.
According to my understanding (having written many Unix device drivers and worked on the Unix kernel decades ago), the device drivers and the kernel are real-time capable.
Device drivers respond to hardware events (interrupts) and the kernel, in turn, can perform actions based on these events.
So, yes, while it's true that certain real-time features are not available to applications, if you have the capability of writing a device driver, you can circumvent this limitation by moving your application logic into a specialised device driver or kernel module.
(Of course it has to make logical sense to do that...)
Have I missed something? Does anyone disagree with this?