If you consider the underlying API, you can use the $regex operator in Cloudant Query. However, it won't use an index, so performance will be pretty dire, as it will scan the whole database. If possible, try arrange your ids such that you can find the subset you need with a range query instead. Given a db that looks like so:
% curl https://skruger.cloudant.com/aaa/_all_docs
{"total_rows":4,"offset":0,"rows":[
{"id":"aaron","key":"aaron","value":{"rev":"1-..."}},
{"id":"adam","key":"adam","value":{"rev":"1-..."}},
{"id":"ben","key":"ben","value":{"rev":"1-..."}},
{"id":"charlie","key":"charlie","value":{"rev":"1-..."}}
]}
we can retrieve all docs with id starting with "a" only,
% curl 'https://skruger.cloudant.com/aaa/_all_docs?startkey="a"&endkey="b"'
{"total_rows":4,"offset":0,"rows":[
{"id":"aaron","key":"aaron","value":{"rev":"1-..."}},
{"id":"adam","key":"adam","value":{"rev":"1-..."}}
]}