There are two options.
You can either turn the value of a specific cell to uppercase (as it is suggested by the title of the question) or turn the value of every cell within a range of cells to uppercase (as it is suggested by the body of the question).
Solutions:
If you want to turn the content of A3 to uppercase:
function sortColumn() {
var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
var range = spreadsheet.getActiveSheet().getRange('A3');
var value = range.getValue();
range.setValue(value.toString().toUpperCase());
};
if you want to turn the content of each cell in A3:G995 to uppercase:
function sortColumn() {
var spreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.getActive();
var range = spreadsheet.getActiveSheet().getRange('A3:G995');
var value = range.getValues();
var valueCap=value.map(val => val.map(v=>v.toString().toUpperCase()));
range.setValues(valueCap);
};