Here is an example using the mtcars dataset
library(ggplot2)
sp <- ggplot(data=mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg)) + geom_point()
sp + geom_segment(aes(x = 2, y = 15, xend = 3, yend = 15))
Which would give you this:-

You can customise the length with xend
, which specifies where you want the line to end. However, with dates I am not so sure. If I am right in saying with your example, are you trying to place that line between 2 "DateTimes"? If so, would it not be easier if you changed the Date format to DMY_HM? Because I think this would make it easier to specify the exact length of the line.