Sorry for being late to the party, but I actually did a quarkus - apareo cas integration.
Basically I added quarkus-undertow extension to be able to use src/main/resources/META-INF/web.xml.
Also I used org.jasig.cas.client:cas-client-core:3.6.1 to have the cas filters.
And my web.xml contains something like this:
<context-param>
<param-name>serverName</param-name>
<param-value>${cas.redirect.url}</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.jasig.cas.client.authentication.AuthenticationFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>casServerLoginUrl</param-name>
<param-value>${cas.login.url}</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>ignorePattern</param-name>
<param-value>/proxy/</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>ignoreUrlPatternType</param-name>
<param-value>CONTAINS</param-value>
</init-param>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.jasig.cas.client.validation.Cas20ProxyReceivingTicketValidationFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>casServerUrlPrefix</param-name>
<param-value>${cas.base.url}</param-value>
</init-param>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.jasig.cas.client.util.HttpServletRequestWrapperFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CAS Authentication Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CAS HttpServletRequest Wrapper Filter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
Saml integration is similar, just use the SAML filters.
For more information on configuration options, please see java-cas-client
Off topic, why do you need to authenticate a API via CAS? It redirects you to that CAS login window, then it redirects you back. you cant use this API via postman or curl. Also an API doesn't store any session about the user, so this redirect dance happens every time. This is not how API's are secured. Web pages or web applications yes, but not API's.