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I am very confused after reading a lot about keras and tensorFlow, and still have some basic questions in my mind.

My confusion started from the answer of this question, where he writes keras standalone and from tensorflow.keras import keras.

1- (Python case):

Does keras use any backend when I write this line of code import keras, and No single line of code related to tensorflow e.g tf.keras or tf.keras.layers in my full implementation of the model, but only import keras? if it does, then is there any way to check what backend is being used?

2- Same question in the case of R Language.

3 - Is TensorFlow only used as backend when we write import tensorflow as tf and import tf.keras ?

4- Does import keras and import tf.keras have any discrepency in performance and accuracy in case of python?

5- Does versions of keras and tensorFlow have an impact in performance and accuracy in both language (R and Python) ?

6- What could be the reasons to have 5% accuracy difference in R and Python. Python gives 94%, while the same implementation in R gives 89% accuracy. The versions of keras & tensorFlow in R are 2.3.0, 2.2.0, while the versions in Python are : tf: 2.3.0, keras: 2.4.3. Please see this one.

Felix Tenn
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  • FYI the [multi-backend version of keras has been discontinued](https://github.com/keras-team/keras#multi-backend-keras-and-tfkeras), and in the future, users should use `tf.keras`. – jkr Oct 31 '20 at 02:29
  • @jakub thank you so much for your comment. In future, if i use import keras only, will it work or not? if it works then will tensorflow automatically be used? – Felix Tenn Oct 31 '20 at 02:48

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