How to make nvda read some status message on action?

Question

The issue is I want to make NVDA read some message after pressing a button. For example, there is a button "add new row" which adds new row to a grid. User who uses NVDA screen reader presses Enter on the button and then I want to notify him about the successful result (row has been added). Another example I have a form where user makes some changes. "Save" button is available on the form - after preesing I want to notify the user "changes has been saved". Is there any way to do this without throwing a toaster message? I want to add that in my case after pressing the buttons, focus stays on them.

Answer 1

You are looking for the aria-live attribute

This allows you to provide updates to a screen reader user by changing the text inside the container that has aria-live on it.

For your use case you want to use aria-live="polite", aria-live="assertive" should only be used for time sensitive information such as alerts for being logged out etc.

An aria-live region that is not visible

You do not have to have a visible aria-live region, but it must be accessible by a screen reader.

For that we can make it visually hidden using my visually hidden class (which is better than sr-only and is future proofed as clip has been deprecated)

.visually-hidden { 
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    position: absolute !important;
    height: 1px; 
    width: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); /* IE6, IE7 - a 0 height clip, off to the bottom right of the visible 1px box */
    clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); /*maybe deprecated but we need to support legacy browsers */
    clip-path: inset(50%); /*modern browsers, clip-path works inwards from each corner*/
    white-space: nowrap; /* added line to stop words getting smushed together (as they go onto seperate lines and some screen readers do not understand line feeds as a space */
}

<div class="visually-hidden" aria-live="polite">

Whatever you put in here via JavaScript will get read out to screen readers as an appropraite quiet time. This is not visible.

</div>

<p>This is visible</p>

Example from MDN

As link only answers are never good I have included the example from the linked article on MDN.

const PLANETS_INFO = {
  mercury: {
    title: 'Mercury',
    description: 'Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger to the gods.'
  },

  venus: {
    title: "Venus",
    description: 'Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty.'
  },
  
  earth: {
    title: "Earth",
    description: 'Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life.'
  },
  
  mars: {
    title: "Mars",
    description: 'Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury. In English, Mars carries a name of the Roman god of war, and is often referred to as the "Red Planet".'
  }
};

function renderPlanetInfo(planet) {
  const planetTitle = document.querySelector('#planetTitle');
  const planetDescription = document.querySelector('#planetDescription');
  
  if (planet in PLANETS_INFO) {
    planetTitle.textContent = PLANETS_INFO[planet].title;
    planetDescription.textContent = PLANETS_INFO[planet].description;
  } else {
    planetTitle.textContent = 'No planet selected';
    planetDescription.textContent = 'Select a planet to view its description';
  }
}

const renderPlanetInfoButton = document.querySelector('#renderPlanetInfoButton');

renderPlanetInfoButton.addEventListener('click', event => {
  const planetsSelect = document.querySelector('#planetsSelect');
  const selectedPlanet = planetsSelect.options[planetsSelect.selectedIndex].value;

  renderPlanetInfo(selectedPlanet);
});

<fieldset>
  <legend>Planet information</legend>
  <label for="planetsSelect">Planet:</label>
  <select id="planetsSelect" aria-controls="planetInfo">
    <option value="">Select a planet&hellip;</option>
    <option value="mercury">Mercury</option>
    <option value="venus">Venus</option>
    <option value="earth">Earth</option>
    <option value="mars">Mars</option>
  </select>
  <button id="renderPlanetInfoButton">Go</button>
</fieldset>

<div role="region" id="planetInfo" aria-live="polite">
  <h2 id="planetTitle">No planet selected</h2>
  <p id="planetDescription">Select a planet to view its description</p>
</div>

<p><small>Information courtesy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System#Inner_Solar_System">Wikipedia</a></small></p>

Answer 2

Screen reader only text is recommended for information that's apparent visually but not available for non sighted users. I suggest that you try using clip + clip-path method as progressive enhancements to support both older and newer browser versions.

.screenreader-text {
  border: 0;
  /*Clipping defines what part of an element should be displayed*/
  /* Deprecated clip property for older browsers */
  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
  /* clip-path for newer browsers. inset(50%) defines an inset rectangle that makes the content disappear */
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  height: 1px;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  position: absolute !important;
  width: 1px;
  word-wrap: normal !important;
}