The first $variablename needs to be the variables actual name, not its value.
<?php
$name = "Bob";
$stringVar = "$name";
$age = "17";
$intVar = "$age";
$atarRequired = 69.45;
$floatVar = "$atarRequired";
$atarAchieved = true;
$boolVar = "$atarAchieved";
$courseSelected = NULL;
$nullVar = "$courseSelected";
echo($stringVar "is of" gettype($name) "data type, and its value is" $name);
?>