We had several issues during the in-place upgrade from 2014 to 2017, namely the trusted assembly CLR feature that interfered with the successful installation of SSIS at the time. I have since gotten SSIS installed and working, but the feature is still broken.
The error I received at the time, and that I still receive when I query the system table directly is: "Internal table access error: failed to access the Trusted Assemblies internal table". The system view seems to run an OPENROWSET on the "table" TRUSTED_ASSEMBLIES. I don't see a lot of chatter on the internet of people dealing with this problem.
I don't plan on using that feature, but am fearful that it may cause issues in the future with updates or with outside vendors. Another symptom was that in order to fix some of the issues with SSIS package execution was I had to manually assign execute permissions to low-level procedures that are usually done for you (fortunately, the documentation indicated which built-in groups had access to the procs).
If anyone has any insight on the issue that would be appreciated; guessing a tear-down and complete rebuild might be in order.