I am currently studying Database Design and have come across Database Normalization and its normalization stages.
I know that in order for a table to satisfy 1NF, all column values must be atomic. However, let us say we have a students table like so:
id | first_name | last_name | country_of_origin
For an entry, I can have a student with the following attribute:
1 | John | Doe | Japan
The columns are all single words so the values are considered atomic. However, What about words that contain spaces, say:
1 | John | Doe | United States of America
Is "United States of America" a term that is considered an atomic term? I mean you can technically shorten it to USA but what about countries like Papua New Guinea, where spaces are mandatory to construct that word? I get that comma separated strings like "Japan, Brazil, Canada" isn't considered atomic in this case.
So, what are considered atomic values in database design, what is not?