According to Mozilla:
According to the specification, to show the confirmation dialog an
event handler should call preventDefault() on the event.
However note that not all browsers support this method, and some
instead require the event handler to implement one of two legacy
methods:
assigning a string to the event's returnValue property
returning a string from the event handler.
Some browsers used to display the returned string in the confirmation
dialog, enabling the event handler to display a custom message to the
user. However, this is deprecated and no longer supported in most
browsers.
To combat unwanted pop-ups, browsers may not display prompts created
in beforeunload event handlers unless the page has been interacted
with, or may even not display them at all.
The HTML specification states that calls to window.alert(),
window.confirm(), and window.prompt() methods may be ignored during
this event.