Assuming there is no CORS issue here.
The issue is the call back to your site is a Post request along with data. Client application's index.html hosted inside IIS is not able to understand how to handle a post request to a html page. You will have to specifically make an entry in Handler Mapping section of IIS configurations.

Inside Request Restrictions add the HTTP Methods you want it for or allow all verbs if it is a specific case.

Or you can directly put it in your web.config with what all verbs you want to allow, as in below snippet
<add name="html" path="*.html" verb="*" modules="IsapiModule" scriptProcessor="%windir%\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll" resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="None" />