JavaFX 16. How to create executable jar using gradle?

Question

UPD. The solution can be found here. Works for both maven and gradle. It is best to use a modular architecture.

I am trying to create an executable jar file from this tutorial.

I am creating a non-modular Java application like in the tutorial.

• Java 16
• Gradle 7.1

Build.gradle file structure (Took it from the official openfx documentation):

plugins {
    id 'application'
    id 'org.openjfx.javafxplugin' version '0.0.9'
}

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

javafx {
    version = "16"
    modules = [ 'javafx.controls', 'javafx.base','javafx.graphics' ]
}

dependencies {
    runtimeOnly "org.openjfx:javafx-graphics:16:win"
    runtimeOnly "org.openjfx:javafx-base:16:win"
    runtimeOnly "org.openjfx:javafx-controls:16:win"
}

mainClassName = 'hellofx.Launch'

jar {
    duplicatesStrategy(DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE)
    manifest {
        attributes (
            'Main-Class': 'hellofx.Launch'
        )
    }
    from {
        configurations.runtimeClasspath.collect { it.isDirectory() ? it : zipTree(it) }
    }
}

Project structure (image)

Launch.java

package hellofx;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Launch extends Application {
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        Scene scene = new Scene(new AnchorPane());
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

I can run my application and it works.

gradlew.bat run

I can build the jar file.

C:\...\fx2000>gradle.bat jar

> Configure project :
Project : => no module-info.java found

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 706ms
2 actionable tasks: 2 up-to-date

But if I try to run my jar file, I get this:

C:\...\fx2000>java -jar build/libs/fx2000.jar

Error: JavaFX runtime components are missing, and are required to run this application

I understand that the problem lies in the modularity of java. But, I followed the the documentation step by step.

Manifest file:

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Main-Class: hellofx.Launch

Jar archive structure.

Javafx folder in fx2000.jar archive (folder generated automatically)

What am I doing wrong? I would like to understand the reason and not find a simple solution.