The stack: Angular 12 with .NET, running in a Docker container. Bundles are being built by @angular-devkit/build-angular:browser.
Last working setup: The application ran previously on Angular 7, all the assets were indeed served over HTTPS.
The problem: While running over HTTPS, Angular 12 bundle is serving assets incl. main.js, polyfills, stylesheet or favicon over HTTP. This is causing the following error for bundles, polyfills, styles.css and favicons:
Mixed Content: The page was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure X. This request has been blocked; the content must be served over HTTPS.
My #1 suspect is the ng build process, although I'm not aware of a way to determine the way, the assets are served(?) Therefore I mentioned the rest of the stack to check there if needed.
UPDATE: I marked one answer but it's a workaround that I decided to go with as good enough, although there should be a more in-depth solution that I'm still hoping to find.