It is difficult, if not impossible, to 'build up' a triangle and then add extra (which stops it being a triangle) as in the given image, at least without adding further elements.
A different approach is to use the CSS clip-path property.
If we start with a rectangle and then set a clip path of an ellipse we can get this sort of shape. Obviously you have to play around with the parameters of the ellipse to get exactly what you want.
Note that the snippet uses vmin rather than px units just so it is responsive.
#triangle-topleft {
width: 30vmin;
height: 20vmin;
background-color: red;
clip-path: ellipse(10vmin 10vmin at 20% 20%);
}
<div id='triangle-topleft'></div>