Based on the error message that you have shared is pointing that function failed with "System.ExecutionEngineException"
Generally , System.ExecutionEngineException
exception is thrown when the CLR detects that something has gone horribly wrong.
This can happen some considerable time after the problem occurred. This is because the exception is usually a result of corruption of internal data structures - the CLR discovers that something has got into a state that makes no sense. It throws an uncatchable exception because it's not safe to proceed.
Looking at the stack trace that you have mentioned in the screen shot more over exception is pointing out DurableTask.AzureStorage.TimeoutHandler+ <ExecuteWithTimeout
issue.
You can use memory dump generated by the Proactive Crash Monitoring tool
to identify the function crash & associated crashing thread call stack.
please create a technical support ticket by following the link wherein technical support team would help you in troubleshooting the issue or open a discussion over Microsoft Q&A Community.