Given the behavior described above it’s a good candidate for 2D rigid body physics, maybe it can be done without but it would be difficult to get it perfect. I am using pymunk in this example because I’m familiar with it but the same concepts will work with other libraries.
The scene has a kinematic body to represent the mouse and the circles are represented by static bodies initially. While a circle is selected it switches to a dynamic body and is constrained to the mouse by a damped spring. Its position is updated as the space is updated by a given time step on each timeout interval.
The item is not actually moved in the same way as the ItemIsMovable flag is not enabled, which means it no longer moves instantly with the mouse. It’s very close but there’s a small delay, although you may prefer this to better see how it reacts to collisions. (Even so, you can fine-tune the parameters to have it move faster/closer to the mouse than I did**).
On the other hand, the collisions are handled perfectly and will already support other kinds of shapes.
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
import pymunk
class Circle(QGraphicsEllipseItem):
def __init__(self, r, **kwargs):
super().__init__(-r, -r, r * 2, r * 2, **kwargs)
self.setFlag(QGraphicsItem.ItemIsSelectable)
self.static = pymunk.Body(body_type=pymunk.Body.STATIC)
self.circle = pymunk.Circle(self.static, r)
self.circle.friction = 0
mass = 10
self.dynamic = pymunk.Body(mass, pymunk.moment_for_circle(mass, 0, r))
self.updatePos = lambda: self.setPos(*self.dynamic.position, dset=False)
def setPos(self, *pos, dset=True):
super().setPos(*pos)
if len(pos) == 1:
pos = pos[0].x(), pos[0].y()
self.static.position = pos
if dset:
self.dynamic.position = pos
def itemChange(self, change, value):
if change == QGraphicsItem.ItemSelectedChange:
space = self.circle.space
space.remove(self.circle.body, self.circle)
self.circle.body = self.dynamic if value else self.static
space.add(self.circle.body, self.circle)
return super().itemChange(change, value)
def paint(self, painter, option, widget):
option.state &= ~QStyle.State_Selected
super().paint(painter, option, widget)
class Scene(QGraphicsScene):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.space = pymunk.Space()
self.space.damping = 0.02
self.body = pymunk.Body(body_type=pymunk.Body.KINEMATIC)
self.space.add(self.body)
self.timer = QTimer(self, timerType=Qt.PreciseTimer, timeout=self.step)
self.selectionChanged.connect(self.setConstraint)
def setConstraint(self):
selected = self.selectedItems()
if selected:
shape = selected[0].circle
if not shape.body.constraints:
self.space.remove(*self.space.constraints)
spring = pymunk.DampedSpring(
self.body, shape.body, (0, 0), (0, 0),
rest_length=0, stiffness=100, damping=10)
spring.collide_bodies = False
self.space.add(spring)
def step(self):
for i in range(10):
self.space.step(1 / 30)
self.selectedItems()[0].updatePos()
def mousePressEvent(self, event):
super().mousePressEvent(event)
if self.selectedItems():
self.body.position = event.scenePos().x(), event.scenePos().y()
self.timer.start(1000 / 30)
def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
super().mouseMoveEvent(event)
if self.selectedItems():
self.body.position = event.scenePos().x(), event.scenePos().y()
def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
super().mouseReleaseEvent(event)
self.timer.stop()
def addCircle(self, x, y, radius):
item = Circle(radius)
item.setPos(x, y)
self.addItem(item)
self.space.add(item.circle.body, item.circle)
return item
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
scene = Scene(0, 0, 1000, 800)
for i in range(7, 13):
item = scene.addCircle(150 * (i - 6), 400, i * 5)
item.setBrush(Qt.GlobalColor(i))
view = QGraphicsView(scene, renderHints=QPainter.Antialiasing)
view.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
**Can adjust the following:
- Spring
stiffness and damping
- Body
mass and moment of inertia
- Space
damping
Space.step time step / how many calls per QTimer timeout- QTimer
interval
