I don't use altair all the time, so I don't know if my answer is satisfactory to you. I created a map with the information available from the given geojson file. My answer is based on this answer. If the map is not the one you intend, you may need to convert it in the world geodetic system.
import altair as alt
import json
file = './data/Local_Authority_Districts__April_2019__UK_BGC_v2.geojson'
with open(file) as f:
data_json = json.load(f)
geo_uk = alt.Data(values=data_json, format=alt.DataFormat(property='features',type='json'))
_map = alt.Chart(geo_uk, title='UK Map').mark_geoshape(
).encode(
color="properties.LAD19NM:N"
).project(
type='identity', reflectY=True
).properties(width=800,height=600)
_map
