If you use an http mirror of the packet repository rather than an https version of it, then you won't have any SSL verification.
So, you could, for example do:
apk add \
--no-cache \
--allow-untrusted \
--repository http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main \
alpine-sdk
To find the right package repository for your version of Alpine, you have a look in the file /etc/apk/repositories.
Here is, for example, the content of the file for the Alpine 3.15 image:
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community