I don't think there is an API for the pedestrian library similar to what you have with the GIS map.
You can however record the distance as the pedestrian is traveling - and once you have these distances you can perhaps use them in a future scenario? You will need to manually record all the distances in a separate run and then store the values to be used in a next run.
Here is a simple examplke in case it helps you.

What I would do then is to run this for a number of locations that pedestrians will be at when they need to choose an exit. Store the final distance in a separate txt file with a starting location as the key... and then in the next run of your simulation, you use these distances as an approximation of the distance to the exits and let the pedestrain then decide where to go to based on their current location and shortest distance to the exist...
So for every agent, you find the nearest point you have a distance to exists for and then use that, plus the distance to the exists
This seems like a lot of work... but for now I don't see any other way. Would love to see if anyone gets a better solution!