Please feel free to ignore this answer if it doesn't fit your question, as I am not sure this is exactly what you are looking for.
When you query with osmdata
you get a list with several elements. One of them is the timestamp, but I think is the timestamp of the query, nothing else:
library(osmdata)
#> Data (c) OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
q <- opq("London",timeout = 20000) %>%
add_osm_feature(key = "landuse",
value="grass",value_exact = F) %>%
osmdata_sf()
timestamp <- q$meta$timestamp
timestamp
#> [1] "[ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]"
# Use in polygons
pols <- q$osm_polygons
pols$timestamp <- timestamp
head(pols)
#> osm_id name FIXME access addr.city addr.country addr.flats
#> 4344595 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> addr.housename addr.housenumber addr.postcode addr.street addr.suburb
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> amenity area area.highway attraction barrier bicycle building
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> building.levels complete created_by description dog embankment
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> emergency est_height fence_type fictional.leisure foot garden.type golf
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> height highway landcover landuse layer leaf_cycle leaf_type leisure
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> level level.ref lit man_made material mown name.de name.en name.es
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> name.no name.ru natural note operator power proposed.construction ref
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> roof.shape service smokefree source source.alt source.name species
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> sport surface tourism verge wall water website wheelchair wikidata
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> grass <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA> <NA>
#> wikipedia zoo
#> 4344595 <NA> <NA>
#> 4402127 <NA> <NA>
#> 4960175 <NA> <NA>
#> 4960176 <NA> <NA>
#> 5005998 <NA> <NA>
#> 5131217 <NA> <NA>
#> geometry
#> 4344595 -0.1652129, -0.1651560, -0.1651036, -0.1651275, -0.1651710, -0.1651492, -0.1651205, -0.1650602, -0.1653027, -0.1654683, -0.1656305, -0.1657699, -0.1659660, -0.1659822, -0.1659633, -0.1658668, -0.1656550, -0.1654632, -0.1652129, 51.3742634, 51.3742755, 51.3742750, 51.3741929, 51.3739946, 51.3738555, 51.3737819, 51.3736785, 51.3737734, 51.3738206, 51.3738482, 51.3738567, 51.3738218, 51.3738403, 51.3738861, 51.3739581, 51.3740887, 51.3741746, 51.3742634
#> 4402127 -0.0613193, -0.0600375, -0.0601011, -0.0615835, -0.0615599, -0.0613193, 51.6537986, 51.6535366, 51.6526077, 51.6526670, 51.6527539, 51.6537986
#> 4960175 -0.1720485, -0.1719397, -0.1722486, -0.1722973, -0.1722377, -0.1722032, -0.1721640, -0.1721372, -0.1721310, -0.1721433, -0.1721618, -0.1720485, 51.4972628, 51.4970547, 51.4969916, 51.4970908, 51.4971093, 51.4971232, 51.4971477, 51.4971737, 51.4971949, 51.4972222, 51.4972430, 51.4972628
#> 4960176 -0.1723924, -0.1727108, -0.1728035, -0.1726872, -0.1726907, -0.1726904, -0.1726738, -0.1726459, -0.1725957, -0.1725449, -0.1724884, -0.1724326, -0.1723924, 51.4969669, 51.4969106, 51.4971294, 51.4971517, 51.4971333, 51.4971139, 51.4970902, 51.4970792, 51.4970646, 51.4970605, 51.4970621, 51.4970654, 51.4969669
#> 5005998 -0.0870457, -0.0868122, -0.0865329, -0.0865281, -0.0865614, -0.0875218, -0.0870457, 51.4453207, 51.4453062, 51.4452885, 51.4450222, 51.4445561, 51.4445895, 51.4453207
#> 5131217 -0.1982559, -0.1976423, -0.1976439, -0.1982576, -0.1982559, 51.4698145, 51.4698128, 51.4695882, 51.4695899, 51.4698145
#> timestamp
#> 4344595 [ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]
#> 4402127 [ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]
#> 4960175 [ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]
#> 4960176 [ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]
#> 5005998 [ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]
#> 5131217 [ lu\\. 2 mar 2022 17:01:08 ]
Created on 2022-03-21 by the reprex package (v2.0.1)
os