On the document you linked, it says that !!
is a Secondary Handle or a Core type (Generic Mapping)
Secondary Handle
The secondary tag handle is written as “!!”. This allows using a compact notation for a single “secondary” name space. By default, the prefix associated with this handle is “tag:yaml.org,2002:”.
Further example usages on https://yaml.org/refcard.html is as follows
...
'!foo' : Primary (by convention, means a local "!foo" tag).
'!!foo' : Secondary (by convention, means "tag:yaml.org,2002:foo").
...
Core types: # Default automatic tags.
'!!map' : { Hash table, dictionary, mapping }
'!!seq' : { List, array, tuple, vector, sequence }
'!!str' : Unicode string
More types:
'!!set' : {cherries, plums, apples }
'!!omap': [ one: 1, two: 2 ]
In your example, it defines that operations
is a map that can have other values.
Can see more info here Generic Mapping
Block style: !!map
Clark : Evans
Ingy : döt Net
Oren : Ben-Kiki
Flow style: !!map { Clark: Evans, Ingy: döt Net, Oren: Ben-Kiki }