The Universal Selector is a simple selector and is usually set as a "last resort"/ fallback for CSS compilers.
With testing, on Firefox, I DO NOT SEE in my own codes and example below that *
beats either of the pseudo-classes you reference.
:any-link {
color: brown;
font-weight:bold;
}
* {
color: blue;
}
<body>
<div>horses and trees <a href='https://webzoom.freewebs.com/schazaars/11612%20indian%20horses%20052.JPG'>whoopieee!</a></div>
</body>
See the example above shows that the anchor is a different colour from the rest of the text, which is expressedly opposite to what you claim, that the *
element overrides the pseudo-class.
Also note that cascade doesn't effect this; it's to do with the specificity of the elements themselves.