android: exported needs to be explicitly specified for element

Question

I'm getting a Flutter build error in AndroidManifest.xml

android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for element <service#io.intercom.android.sdk.fcm.IntercomFcmMessengerService>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined

There is no element called intercom in the AndroidManifest.xml file. I also added android:exported="true" in activity ".MainActivity" but the error still persists.

My AndoidManifest.xml file is as follows

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
          package="social.myproject.app">

    <!-- The INTERNET permission is required for development. Specifically,
         flutter needs it to communicate with the running application
         to allow setting breakpoints, to provide hot reload, etc.
    -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <uses-feature
            android:name="android.hardware.camera"
            android:required="false"/>
    <uses-feature
            android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus"
            android:required="false" />

    <queries>
        <intent>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
            <data android:scheme="https"/>

        </intent>
        <intent>
            <action android:name="com.google.android.youtube.api.service.START" />
        </intent>
    </queries>

    <!-- io.flutter.app.FlutterApplication is an android.app.Application that
         calls FlutterMain.startInitialization(this); in its onCreate method.
         In most cases you can leave this as-is, but you if you want to provide
         additional functionality it is fine to subclass or reimplement
         FlutterApplication and put your custom class here. -->
    <application
            android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
            android:label="myproject"
            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
            android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
        >
        <meta-data
                android:name="flutterEmbedding"
                android:value="2" />
        <activity
                android:name=".MainActivity"
                android:launchMode="singleTop"
                android:theme="@style/LaunchTheme"
                android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize|locale|layoutDirection|fontScale|screenLayout|density"
                android:hardwareAccelerated="true"
                android:exported="true"
                android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize">
            <!-- Specify that the launch screen should continue being displayed -->
            <!-- until Flutter renders its first frame. -->
            <meta-data
                    android:name="io.flutter.embedding.android.SplashScreenDrawable"
                    android:resource="@drawable/launch_background" />

            <!-- Theme to apply as soon as Flutter begins rendering frames -->
            <meta-data
                    android:name="io.flutter.embedding.android.NormalTheme"
                    android:resource="@style/NormalTheme"
            />
            <intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
                <data
                        android:scheme="https"
                        android:host="www.myproject.social"
                        android:pathPrefix="/api/auth/"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
                <data
                        android:scheme="https"
                        android:host="www.myproject.io"
                        android:pathPrefix="/api/auth/"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <data android:mimeType="image/*"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <data android:mimeType="text/*"/>
            </intent-filter>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
                <data android:mimeType="video/*"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity
                android:name="com.yalantis.ucrop.UCropActivity"
                android:screenOrientation="portrait"
                android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar"/>
    </application>
</manifest>

The detailed error trace :

 See http://g.co/androidstudio/manifest-merger for more information about the manifest merger.
[   +1 ms] E:\App Development\MyApp - Changes\android\app\src\main\AndroidManifest.xml:11:9-16:19 Error:
[        ]      android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for element <service#io.intercom.android.sdk.fcm.IntercomFcmMessengerService>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an
explicit value for `android:exported` when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined



The error trace points to the following lines : 

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    <uses-feature
            android:name="android.hardware.camera"
            android:required="true"/>
    <uses-feature
            android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus"
            android:required="false"/>

EDIT: Updated the intercom version to 7.2.0. I get the follwing error now

error: Instance member 'initialize' can't be accessed using static access. (static_access_to_instance_member at lib\services\intercom.dart:27)

The trace points to this line :

await Intercom.initialize(appId, iosApiKey: iosApiKey, androidApiKey: androidApiKey);

My intercom.dart

import 'dart:convert';

import 'package:myproject/models/user.dart';
import 'package:myproject/services/user.dart';
import 'package:crypto/crypto.dart';
import 'package:meta/meta.dart';
import 'package:intercom_flutter/intercom_flutter.dart';

class IntercomService {
  late UserService _userService;

  late String iosApiKey;
  late String androidApiKey;
  late String appId;

  void setUserService(UserService userService) {
    _userService = userService;
  }

  void bootstrap(
      {required String iosApiKey,
      required String androidApiKey,
      required String appId}) async {
    this.iosApiKey = iosApiKey;
    this.androidApiKey = androidApiKey;
    this.appId = appId;
    await Intercom.initialize(appId,
        iosApiKey: iosApiKey, androidApiKey: androidApiKey);
  }

  Future displayMessenger() {
    return Intercom.displayMessenger();
  }

  Future enableIntercom() async {
    await disableIntercom();
    User? loggedInUser = _userService.getLoggedInUser();
    if (loggedInUser == null) throw 'Cannot enable intercom. Not logged in.';

    assert(loggedInUser.uuid != null && loggedInUser.id != null);

    String userId = _makeUserId(loggedInUser);
    return Intercom.registerIdentifiedUser(userId: userId);
  }

  Future disableIntercom() {
    return Intercom.logout();
  }

  String _makeUserId(User user) {
    var bytes = utf8.encode(user.uuid! + user.id.toString());
    var digest = sha256.convert(bytes);
    return digest.toString();
  }
}

score 2 · Answer 1 · edited Jun 12 '22 at 17:17

2

Possibilities:

Have you tried to do "Invalidate/Cache and Restart"?
Have you tried to open the Project with the Android folder? It would display the errors if you missed anything in AndroidManifest.xml.
You can also try with flutter clean & flutter pub get to run again.

EDITED:

You have added some libraries and they haven't updated this service IntercomFcmMessengerService with exported = true/false

That's the reason why you are getting problems. You can do one thing that defines that service in your <application> tag with exported=true. It will override that service.

edited Jun 12 '22 at 17:17

E_net4

27,810
13
101
139

answered Jun 10 '22 at 08:50

Pratik Butani

60,504
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All three done. No effect. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 09:22
Hello, added detailed error trace. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 10:06
@Earthling Updated answer. – Pratik Butani Jun 10 '22 at 11:42
How do i define it. Any help is appreciated – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 15:22
Hi. Edited question with details. Updated intercom version. Getting a 'static' error now. – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 05:23
@Earthling You have to call it with Class name, please check the example that has whole scenario. – Pratik Butani Jun 11 '22 at 08:16
Can you point out how pratik. I might be just nearing a solution with your help. – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 08:35
Solved it. Added it as an answer. – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 12:40

score 0 · Answer 2 · answered Jun 10 '22 at 07:22

0

This happens sometimes even if we add android exported. A workaround will be to set the targetSdkVersion to 31 and compileSDKVersion to 31 in android->app->build.gradle file

answered Jun 10 '22 at 07:22

Kaushik Chandru

15,510
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both have been set to version 32 kaushik. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 07:37
Please downgrade it to 31 – Kaushik Chandru Jun 10 '22 at 07:41
Changed it to 31. Still the same error. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 08:11
Have you used any package named intercom? – Kaushik Chandru Jun 10 '22 at 08:55
Hello, added detailed error trace. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 10:06
Yes there is a package in pubspec called intercom. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 10:07
Try removing this package just to know if that's the one causing the issue – Kaushik Chandru Jun 10 '22 at 12:37
got a long list of build errors after commenting out intercom in pub spec. Pratik has given a solution but i cant seem to figure out how to implement it. – Earthling Jun 10 '22 at 16:19
Comment codes corresponding to intercom. if that's the issue try upgrading the intercom package in pub spec.yaml file – Kaushik Chandru Jun 10 '22 at 16:47
Hi. Edited question with details. Updated intercom version. Getting a 'static' error now. – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 05:23
You have probably added static somevar = await Intercom.init. Can you verify with the latest doc on the initialisation – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 05:25
I'm importing intercom_flutter.dart in my file intercom.dart. The package link is https://github.com/v3rm0n/intercom_flutter/tree/master/intercom_flutter – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 05:46
From GitHub directly? – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 05:50
no from pubdev.https://pub.dev/packages/intercom_flutter – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 05:54
Please include your codewhere you added intercom functionalities – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 06:20
Done. Kindly check – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 06:25
Are you initialising it from main()? – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 06:55
Hi. Chekced Main. Cant find anything related to intercom. I'm using https://github.com/OkunaOrg/okuna-app an open source stack – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 07:09
Are you sending the correct ids? – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 07:23
I haven't registered with an app id yet since i just downloaded the repo and the error didn't seem related to ids – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 07:30
Try some test id. Should be available in their docs – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 07:31
Hi. I posted 1 out of 4 errors related to static. 1st 1 is initialize, Other 3 are displayMessenger, registerIdentifiedUser, logout. All four are showing the same error that cannot be accessed using static access. – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 07:51
bootstrap where have you initialised this method? – Kaushik Chandru Jun 11 '22 at 08:00
Hi. Can't figure out about bootstrap. Can you help – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 08:02
Solved it. Added it as an answer. – Earthling Jun 11 '22 at 12:40

score -3 · Answer 3 · answered Jun 11 '22 at 12:40

-3

Solved it by adding static to the methods being accessed in the core intercom_flutter package part of External libraries.

answered Jun 11 '22 at 12:40

Earthling

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android: exported needs to be explicitly specified for element

3 Answers3

EDITED:

Linked