I still doubt that the update statement you have posted updates all rows in the table. It must throw an error
ORA-01427: single-row subquery returns more than one row
instead, because your subquery returns five rows where it must be one, as you must find one value for each row you want to update.
This means your subquery is wrong. It selects five rows, where it must select one. You don't want to find the five values for 'MORV_1020', 'ANND_1017', but the one value for the link ID of the row you are updating.
You also want to update certain rows (those with the five link IDs), so you must add a WHERE
clause at the end of your update statement.
UPDATE app_fiberinv.tbl_fiber_inv_cmpapproved_info i
SET ne_length =
(
SELECT j.maint_zone_ne_span_length
FROM app_fiberinv.tbl_fiber_inv_jobs j
WHERE j.link_id = i.span_link_id
)
WHERE span_link_id IN ('MORV_1020', 'ANND_1017', 'BBSR_1047', 'DLHI_5417', 'MYSR_0104');