how to Insert utf-8 encoded csv into latin-1 database

Question

I've spent a fair bit of time reviewing and I have probably missed something but here goes.

I get a csv from a vendor that is UTF-8 encoded. Just to be sure I open in in notepad and save as utf-8. My php admin Server charset is: cp1252 West European (latin1). I am on a shared server and this cannot be changed. (I believe this is causing the issue. I have this same code running on another server that is set to UTF-8 and it works correctly)

The Server Connection Collation is utf8mb4_unicode_ci

I have a PHP script and form that is trying to upload the file to a table.
The table collation is utf8_general_ci. All the column collations are set to utf_8_general_ci.

About 50% of the rows import correctly, but I get many errors in fields that have quotation marks, apostrophe's and special characters.

The Initial Character set in my code is reporting Latin 1.

I am trying to figure out what I need to do here. If I use the phpmyadmin import everything imports and displays fine.

Somehow I assume I have to code the utf8-file as cp1252. I see lots of examples converting cp1252 to UTF-8 but not the other way around if this is indeed what I need to do.

I've learned a lot reading these forums but am stumped here. Any help appreciated.

Edit: I don't have enough points to respond so thanks all. As some imports worked and some didn't I got stuck on this process, but see the issue now. Not as smart as I thought obviously. I feel like this should be deleted now as it may lead others astray with poor code. I will do so if advised.

Edit 2: I have it working with prepared statements now and am posting the code below so it may help others. I still need to add confirmation (ie(your import was successful etc).

error_reporting(E_ALL);
include "conn.php";


echo "Initial character set is: " . $conn -> character_set_name();

if(isset($_POST["import"])){
    $fileName = $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"];
mysqli_query($conn,'TRUNCATE TABLE data');
    if($_FILES["file"]["size"] > 0){
    $file = fopen($fileName, "r");
    fgets($file);  // read one line for nothing (skip header)

        while(($column = fgetcsv($file, 0, ",")) !== FALSE){
        $sqlInsert = "Insert into data (ID, Fname, Lname,  ShortBiography ) 
        
        
        values ('"  . $column[0] ."','" . $column[1] ."','" . $column[2] ."','" . $column[3] "')";
        
        $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sqlInsert);
                 * if ( ! mysqli_query( $conn, $sqlInsert ) ) {
                printf( "Error: %s\n", mysqli_error( $conn ) );
                } */ 
            if(!empty($result)){
            echo "";
            }else{
            echo "<br />Problem in importing - ".$column[1]." /<br> ";
            
            }
 
        }
    }
}
?>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="" method="post" name="uploadCsv" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div>
<label>Choose CSV File</label>
<input type="file" name="file" accept=".csv">
<button type="submit" name="import">Import</button>
</div>
</form>

Edit 2 working code:

<?php
error_reporting(E_ALL);
include "conn.php";


echo "Initial character set is: " . $conn -> character_set_name();

if(isset($_POST["import"])){
    $fileName = $_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"];
mysqli_query($conn,'TRUNCATE TABLE data');
    if($_FILES["file"]["size"] > 0){
    $file = fopen($fileName, "r");
    fgets($file);  // read one line for nothing (skip header)

        while(($column = fgetcsv($file, 0, ",")) !== FALSE){
        $stmt = $conn->prepare("Insert into data (ID, Fname, Lname,  ShortBiography )  VALUES (?,?,?,?)");
        $stmt->bind_param("isss",$column[0], $column[1], $column[2], $column[3]);
        $stmt->execute();
        }
    }
}
?>
<form class="form-horizontal" action="" method="post" name="uploadCsv" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div>
<label>Choose CSV File</label>
<input type="file" name="file" accept=".csv">
<button type="submit" name="import">Import</button>
</div>
</form>```