Week 52 of year 2021 started at 2021-12-27 (a Monday) and ended at 2022-01-02 (a Sunday). Week 1 of year 2022 started at 2022-01-03 (a Monday). This is the definition by ISO 8601. Such a numbering of the weeks is used, for example, in international merchandise management.
For this, date()
support 3 format characters:
w
for week day
W
for the week number
o
for the year related to W
So echo date("o W w",strtotime("2022-01-02 00:00"));
prints 2021 52 0
(year, week, day of week). The day-of-week follows the old idea, where Sunday is the first day of the week. The the week days are numbered 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.